1	The Historical Book of Ruth Dr. L.D. Alford www.ldalford.com
2	Who am I? Air Force Experimental Test Pilot Over 6000 hours in 64 different aircraft Education B.S. in Chemistry M.S. in Mechanical Engineering Ph.D. in Aerospace Engineering Engineering Consultant Aircraft UAV design Author
3	My umm…Hobbies Anglo-Saxon – since HS Ancient Greek (Classical Greek) – since about 1984 Ancient Hebrew – limited degree from about 1995 I write about languages and culture
4	Books The Second Mission Centurion Aegypt (more info www.ldalford.com) The End of Honor The Fox’s Honor A Season of Honor ($15 each or 3 for $40)
5	Megillat Ruth רות Ruwth; (prob. for re` uwth; (from ra` ah; to tend a flock; i.e. pasture it; intransitively, to graze (lit. or fig.); gen. to rule; by ext., to associate with (as a friend)) (in the sense of rea`; (from ra` ah); an associate (more or less close)); a female associate; generally an additional one); friend; Ruth, a Moabitess: KJV-- Ruth.
6	Historical Setting of Ruth Historical document Judges period ca. 1140-1130 BC Written in a Derash period? Derash – homiletic interpretation to uncover an ethical or moral lesson thought to be implicit in the text Beginning of Iron Age No money No Temple
7	Ruth is not what you think! Beginning of Kinsman/Redeemer theme Read before Torah on Shavuot (Pentecost) Festival commemorates when Torah was given Eventually became concept of Messiah Likely came from Judges Astounding scroll in it’s own right, as we will see
8	Levant
9	World
10	Hebrew Words of the Day 251 'ach (awkh); a primitive word; a brother (used in the widest sense of literal relationship and metaphorical affinity or resemblance [like 1]): KJV-- another, brother (-ly); kindred, like, other. Compare also the proper names beginning with "Ah-" or "Ahi-".
11	Hebrew Words of the Day 2513 chelqah (khel-kaw'; feminine of 2506; properly, smoothness; figuratively, flattery; also an allotment: KJV-- field, flattering (-ry), ground, parcel, part, piece of land [ground], plat, portion, slippery place, smooth (thing).
12	Hebrew Words of the Day 4376 makar (maw-kar'); a primitive root; to sell, literally (as merchandise, a daughter in marriage, into slavery), or figuratively (to surrender): KJV-- X at all, sell (away, -erself,).
13	Hebrew Words of the Day 7704 sadeh (saw-deh'); or saday (saw-dah'-ee); from an unused root meaning to spread out; a field (as flat): KJV-- country, field, ground, land, soil, X wild.
14	Hebrew Words of the Day 7725 shuwb (shoob); a primitive root; to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point); generally to retreat; often adverbial, again: KJV-- ([break, build, circumcise, dig, do anything, do evil, feed, lay down, lie down, lodge, make, rejoice, send, take, weep]) X again, (cause to) answer (+again), X in any case (wise), X at all, averse, bring (again, back, home again), call [to mind], carry again (back), cease, X certainly, come again (back), X consider, + continually, convert, deliver (again), + deny, draw back, fetch home again, X fro, get [oneself] (back) again, X give (again), go again (back, home), [go] out, hinder, let, [see] more, X needs, be past, X pay, pervert, pull in again, put (again, up again), recall, recompense, recover, refresh, relieve, render (again), requite, rescue, restore, retrieve, (cause to, make to) return, reverse, reward, + say nay, send back, set again, slide back, still, X surely, take back (off), (cause to, make to) turn (againself, again, away, back, back again, backward, from, off), withdraw. ***. Shuwba'el. See 7619.
15	Hebrew Words of the Day 5493 cuwr (soor); or suwr (Hosea 9:12) (soor); a primitive root; to turn off (literal or figurative): KJV-- be [-head], bring, call back, decline, depart, eschew, get [you], go (aside), X grievous, lay away (by), leave undone, be past, pluck away, put (away, down), rebel, remove (to and fro), revolt, X be sour, take (away, off), turn (aside, away, in), withdraw, be without.
16	Hebrew Words of the Day 5674 `abar (aw-bar'); a primitive root; to cross over; used very widely of any transition (literal or figurative; transitive, intransitive, intensive, causative); specifically, to cover (in copulation): KJV-- alienate, alter, X at all, beyond, bring (over, through), carry over, (over-) come (on, over), conduct (over), convey over, current, deliver, do away, enter, escape, fail, gender, get over, (make) go (away, beyond, by, forth, his way, in, on, over, through), have away (more), lay, meddle, overrun, make partition, (cause to, give, make to, over) pass (-age, along, away, beyond, by, -enger, on, out, over, through), (cause to, make) + proclaim (-amation), perish, provoke to anger, put away, rage, + raiser of taxes, remove, send over, set apart, + shave, cause to (make) sound, X speedily, X sweet smelling, take (away), (make to) transgress (-or), translate, turn away, [way-] faring man, be wrath.
17	Hebrew Words of the Day 1696 dabar (daw-bar'); a primitive root; perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue: KJV-- answer, appoint, bid, command, commune, declare, destroy, give, name, promise, pronounce, rehearse, say, speak, be spokesman, subdue, talk, teach, tell, think, use [entreaties], utter, X well, X work.
18	Hebrew Words of the Day 8179 sha` ar (shah'-ar); from 8176 in its original sense; an opening, i.e. door or gate: KJV-- city, door, gate, port (X -er).
19	Geography
20	Ruth 2 1 Now Naomi had a relative < mowda`, acquaintance> on her husband's side, from the clan < mishpachah, family > of Elimelech, a man of standing < gibbowr, powerful; chayil, force (powerful man of force) >, whose name < shem, appellation > was Boaz.
21	Ruth 2 Boaz the Ephramite? And a man of standing. Who should redeem Naomi? Brother of Elimelech An acquaintance of Elimelech from his family—perhaps the man who stood with Elimelech when he came for Naomi Only a brother can stand as a KR (ga’al)
22	Ruth 3 15 He also said, "Bring me the shawl < mitpachath, robe (woman’s cloak) > you are <were> wearing and hold it out." When she did so, he poured into it six < shesh, beyond the five fingers of the hand > measures of barley and put it on her. Then he went back to town.
23	Ruth 3 In case you missed it Bring me the clothing you were wearing – she isn’t wearing it anymore He took the clothing she had been wearing and filled it with barley He placed it back on her body Paid the price of her for the night – bride price Paid a dowry – promise of household Robed her again – accepted her into his household Symbols of bridal acceptance
24	Ruth 3 8337 shesh (shaysh); masculine shishshah (shish-shaw'); a primitive number; six (as an overplus [see 7797] beyond five or the fingers of the hand); as ord. sixth: KJV-- six ([-teen, -teenth]), sixth. 4304 mitpachath (mit-pakh'-ath); from 2946; a wide cloak (for a woman): KJV-- vail, wimple.
25	Ruth 3 2946 taphach (taw-fakh'); a primitive root; to flatten out or extend (as a tent); figuratively, to nurse a child (as promotive of growth); or perhaps a denom. from 2947, from dandling on the palms: KJV-- span, swaddle.
26	Ruth 3 16 When Ruth came to her mother-in-law, Naomi asked, "How did it go, my daughter?" Then she told her everything Boaz had done for her 16 And when she came to her mother in law, she said, Who art thou, my daughter? And she told her all that the man had done to her. (KJV) Are you of another household now?
27	Ruth 3 17 and added, "He gave me these six measures of barley, saying, 'Don't go back to your mother-in-law empty-handed < reyqam, without worth >.'"
28	Ruth 3 In other words Boaz took Ruth sexually and that diminished her value because he did not claim her in the usual way The grain is the promise of Boaz to claim Ruth The grain is the bride price for taking her sexually This is the promise to Naomi that Boaz will fulfill his promise to Ruth Still uncertainty—it’s not enough for a dowry
29	Ruth 3 7387 reyqam (ray-kawm'); from 7386; emptily; figuratively (objective) ineffectually, (subjective) undeservedly: KJV-- without cause, empty, in vain, void. 7386 reyq (rake); or (shorter) req (rake); from 7324; empty; figuratively, worthless: KJV-- emptied (-ty), vain (fellow, man). 7324 ruwq (rook); a primitive root; to pour out (literally or figuratively), i.e. empty: KJV-- X arm, cast out, draw (out), (make) empty, pour forth (out).
30	Ruth 3 18 Then Naomi said, "Wait, my daughter, until you <find out what happens> < naphal, how it will fall >. For the man will not rest < shaqat, repose > until the matter is settled today."
31	Ruth 3 Everything could technically be over Boaz had sex with Ruth and told her to keep it secret Boaz gave the bride price so his part is technically over Noami’s advice appears good—encourages her DiL that Boaz will take care of the matter and comforts her—Hebrew doesn’t give us any real comfort Naomi knows Boaz isn’t the KR/Ruth thinks he is
32	Ruth 3 Artful tension for the reader of because they would not know the outcome Not at all certain at this point that Boaz will not just leave her or that the other ga’al will not take Ruth We have indicators Boaz’s promise in secret Robing Promise of the bride price None are sure because he did not claim her in the open and told her to keep it secret
33	Ruth 3 5307 naphal (naw-fal'); a primitive root; to fall, in a great variety of applications (intransitive or causative, literal or figurative): KJV-- be accepted, cast (downself,, [lots], out), cease, die, divide (by lot), (let) fail, (cause to, let, make, ready to) fall (away, down, -en, -ing), fell (-ing), fugitive, have [inheritance], inferior, be judged [by mistake for 6419], lay (along), (cause to) lie down, light (down), be (X hast) lost, lying, overthrow, overwhelm, perish, present (-ed, -ing), (make to) rot, slay, smite out, X surely, throw down.
34	Ruth 3 8252 shaqat (shaw-kat'); a primitive root; to repose (usually figurative): KJV-- appease, idleness, (at, be at, be in, give) quiet (-ness), (be at, be in, give, have, take) rest, settle, be still.
35	Ruth 3 8252 shaqat (shaw-kat'); a primitive root; to repose (usually figurative): KJV-- appease, idleness, (at, be at, be in, give) quiet (-ness), (be at, be in, give, have, take) rest, settle, be still.
36	Ruth 4 1 Meanwhile Boaz went up to the town gate < sha` ar > and sat there. When < hinneh, lo! > the kinsman-redeemer <ga’al> he had mentioned < dabar > came along <`abar, crossed over (through the gate) >, Boaz said <’amar, insisted>, "Come over here < cuwr, turn aside >, <my friend, added xx>, and sit down." So he went over and sat down.
37	Ruth 4 5493 cuwr (soor); or suwr (Hosea 9:12) (soor); a primitive root; to turn off (literal or figurative): KJV-- be [-head], bring, call back, decline, depart, eschew, get [you], go (aside), X grievous, lay away (by), leave undone, be past, pluck away, put (away, down), rebel, remove (to and fro), revolt, X be sour, take (away, off), turn (aside, away, in), withdraw, be without.
38	Ruth 4 5674 `abar (aw-bar'); a primitive root; to cross over; used very widely of any transition (literal or figurative; transitive, intransitive, intensive, causative); specifically, to cover (in copulation): KJV-- alienate, alter, X at all, beyond, bring (over, through), carry over, (over-) come (on, over), conduct (over), convey over, current, deliver, do away, enter, escape, fail, gender, get over, (make) go (away, beyond, by, forth, his way, in, on, over, through), have away (more), lay, meddle, overrun, make partition, (cause to, give, make to, over) pass (-age, along, away, beyond, by, -enger, on, out, over, through), (cause to, make) + proclaim (-amation), perish, provoke to anger, put away, rage, + raiser of taxes, remove, send over, set apart, + shave, cause to (make) sound, X speedily, X sweet smelling, take (away), (make to) transgress (-or), translate, turn away, [way-] faring man, be wrath.
39	Ruth 4 1696 dabar (daw-bar'); a primitive root; perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue: KJV-- answer, appoint, bid, command, commune, declare, destroy, give, name, promise, pronounce, rehearse, say, speak, be spokesman, subdue, talk, teach, tell, think, use [entreaties], utter, X well, X work.
40	Ruth 4 2009 hinneh (hin-nay'); prolongation for 2005; lo!: KJV-- behold, lo, see. 8179 sha` ar (shah'-ar); from 8176 in its original sense; an opening, i.e. door or gate: KJV-- city, door, gate, port (X -er).
41	Ruth 4 2 Boaz took < laqach, take > ten <`eser, ten (number equal to all the digits on the hands) > of the elders < zaqen, old > of the town <`iyr, guarded place > and said <’amar>, "Sit here," and they did so. Boaz gathered the old men from those who were already there Note: town is gated, walled, and guarded (gives an idea of the times and danger)
42	Ruth 4 5892 `iyr (eer); or (in the plural) `ar (awr); or `ayar (Judges 10:4) (aw-yar'); from 5782 a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post): KJV-- Ai [from margin], city, court [from margin], town.
43	Ruth 4 2205 zaqen (zaw-kane'); from 2204; old: KJV-- aged, ancient (man), elder (-est), old (man, men and ... women), senator. 6235 `eser (eh'ser); masculine of term `asarah (as-aw-raw'); from 6237; ten (as an accumulation to the extent of the digits): KJV-- ten, [fif-, seven-] teen.
44	Ruth 4 3947 laqach (law-kakh'); a primitive root; to take (in the widest variety of applications): KJV-- accept, bring, buy, carry away, drawn, fetch, get, infold, X many, mingle, place, receive (-ing), reserve, seize, send for, take (away, -ing, up), use, win.
45	Ruth 4 3 Then he said <’amar> to the kinsman-redeemer <ga’al>, "Naomi, who has come back < shuwb, turned back > from < sadeh, the fields of > Moab, is selling < maker, forced to sell > the piece < chelqah, allotment > of land < sadeh, the fields of > that <belonged> <added, xx> to our brother <'ach, brother > Elimelech.
46	Ruth 4 Okay, now we know Elimelech’s brothers are Boaz and other KR Boaz is younger The claim is really on Naomi Naomi still has the land Boaz is speaking for Naomi—he has already made the claim of KR, he is just working out the details—note that he has already taken on the responsibility of the land and Naomi’s interests—the irony here is beautiful
47	Ruth 4 This might have been the message Boaz was sending with the 6 measures of grain Claim on Naomi’s land and person Not Ruth at all Could be viewed as spurning the girl since the marriage claim was in secret
48	Ruth 4 251 'ach (awkh); a primitive word; a brother (used in the widest sense of literal relationship and metaphorical affinity or resemblance [like 1]): KJV-- another, brother (-ly); kindred, like, other. Compare also the proper names beginning with "Ah-" or "Ahi-".
49	Ruth 4 2513 chelqah (khel-kaw'; feminine of 2506; properly, smoothness; figuratively, flattery; also an allotment: KJV-- field, flattering (-ry), ground, parcel, part, piece of land [ground], plat, portion, slippery place, smooth (thing).
50	Ruth 4 4376 makar (maw-kar'); a primitive root; to sell, literally (as merchandise, a daughter in marriage, into slavery), or figuratively (to surrender): KJV-- X at all, sell (away, -erself,).
51	Ruth 4 7704 sadeh (saw-deh'); or saday (saw-dah'-ee); from an unused root meaning to spread out; a field (as flat): KJV-- country, field, ground, land, soil, X wild.
52	Ruth 4 7725 shuwb (shoob); a primitive root; to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point); generally to retreat; often adverbial, again: KJV-- ([break, build, circumcise, dig, do anything, do evil, feed, lay down, lie down, lodge, make, rejoice, send, take, weep]) X again, (cause to) answer (+again), X in any case (wise), X at all, averse, bring (again, back, home again), call [to mind], carry again (back), cease, X certainly, come again (back), X consider, + continually, convert, deliver (again), + deny, draw back, fetch home again, X fro, get [oneself] (back) again, X give (again), go again (back, home), [go] out, hinder, let, [see] more, X needs, be past, X pay, pervert, pull in again, put (again, up again), recall, recompense, recover, refresh, relieve, render (again), requite, rescue, restore, retrieve, (cause to, make to) return, reverse, reward, + say nay, send back, set again, slide back, still, X surely, take back (off), (cause to, make to) turn (againself, again, away, back, back again, backward, from, off), withdraw. ***. Shuwba'el. See 7619.
53	Ruth 4 4 I thought <’amar> I <should bring the matter to your attention>< galah 'ozen, denude it in its broadness (entirety) > and suggest <’amar> that you buy < qanah, procure (create) > it in the presence of these seated here and in the presence of the elders of my people. If you will redeem <ga’al> it, do <ga’al> so. But if you will not <ga’al>, tell me, so I will know. For no one has the right to do it except you, and I am next in line." "I will redeem <ga’al> it," he said.
54	Ruth 4 Not buy it – to procure it by taking Naomi as a wife Threat is that the land will be sold KM can get the land by taking Naomi To prevent the land from being sold, KM is willing to take Naomi Likely, Naomi told village, she would never sell it—therefore the allotment would naturally go to the KM at her death Note: Boaz is lying!!!!!
55	Ruth 4 7069 qanah (kaw-naw'); a primitive root; to erect, i.e. create; by extension, to procure, especially by purchase (causatively, sell); by implication to own: KJV-- attain, buy (-er), teach to keep cattle, get, provoke to jealousy, possess (-or), purchase, recover, redeem, X surely, X verily.
56	Ruth 4 241 'ozen (o'-zen); from 238; broadness. i.e. (concrete) the ear (from its form in man): KJV-- + advertise, audience, + displease, ear, hearing, + show. 238 'azan (aw-zan'); a primitive root; probably to expand; but used only as a denominative from 241; to broaden out the ear (with the hand), i.e. (by implication) to listen: KJV-- give (perceive by the) ear, hear (-ken). See 239 241 'ozen (o'-zen); from 238; broadness. i.e. (concrete) the ear (from its form in man): KJV-- + advertise, audience, + displease, ear, hearing, + show.
57	Ruth 4 1540 galah (gaw-law'); a primitive root; to denude (especially in a disgraceful sense); by implication, to exile (captives being usually stripped); figuratively, to reveal: KJV-- + advertise, appear, bewray, bring, (carry, lead, go) captive (into captivity), depart, disclose, discover, exile, be gone, open, X plainly, publish, remove, reveal, X shamelessly, shew, X surely, tell, uncover.
58	Ruth 4 5 Then Boaz said, "On the day you buy < qanah, procure > the land from < yad, out of the hand (or take the hand) > Naomi and from Ruth the Moabitess, you acquire the dead man's widow, in order to maintain the name of the dead with his property < nachalah, inheritance >."
59	Ruth 4 Ruth 4:5 5 Then said Boaz, What day thou buyest the field of the hand of Naomi, thou must buy it also of Ruth the Moabitess, the wife of the dead, to raise up the name of the dead upon his inheritance. (KJV)
60	Ruth 4 Okay-is everything clear now? Boaz acknowledges that Ruth also owns the land—it is her inheritance through her husband Boaz reminds his older brother, that he must make provision for Ruth either himself or one of his sons Boaz has already made his claim—but he doesn’t tell them
61	Ruth 4 Boaz has already had sex with Ruth—this precludes him from marrying Naomi the MiL Mosaic Law, can’t marry the MIL and the daughter at the same time--abomination He would have had to take Naomi and then given Ruth to a son as the ga’al This means than Boaz probably doesn’t have any sons—is he married, can’t tell—were some of the girls in the fields his, can’t tell, but likely not
62	Ruth 4 5159 nachalah (nakh-al-aw'); from 5157 (in its usual sense); properly, something inherited, i.e. (abstractly) occupancy, or (concretely) an heirloom; generally an estate, patrimony or portion: KJV-- heritage, to inherit, inheritance, possession. Compare 5158. 5157 nachal (naw-khal'); a primitive root; to inherit (as a [figurative] mode of descent), or (generally) to occupy; causatively, to bequeath, or (generally) distribute, instate: KJV-- divide, have ([inheritance]), take as a heritage, (cause to, give to, make to) inherit, (distribute for, divide [for, for an, by], give for, have, leave for, take [for]) inheritance, (have in, cause to, be made to) possess (-ion).
63	Ruth 4 3027 yad (yawd); a primitive word; a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from 3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great variety of applications, both literally and figuratively, both proximate and remote [as follows]: KJV-- (+be) able, X about, + armholes, at, axletree, because of, beside, border, X bounty, + broad, [broken-] handed, X by, charge, coast, + consecrate, + creditor, custody, debt, dominion, X enough, + fellowship, force, X from, hand [-staves, -y work], X he, himself, X in, labour, + large, ledge, [left-] handed, means, X mine, ministry, near, X of, X order, ordinance, X our, parts, pain, power, X presumptuously, service, side, sore, state, stay, draw with strength, stroke, + swear, terror, X thee, X by them, X themselves, X thine own, X thou, through, X throwing, + thumb, times, X to, X under, X us, X wait on, [way-] side, where, + wide, X with (him, me, you), work, + yield, X yourselves.
64	Ruth 4 6 At this, the kinsman-redeemer <ga’al> said <’amar>, "Then I cannot redeem <ga’al> it because I might endanger < shachath, decay > my own estate <nachalah, inheritance>. You redeem <ga’al> it yourself. I cannot do it."
65	Ruth 4 Now we know The elder brother has sons If he redeems the land, he must take Naomi as a wife—he is willing to do this for the land If he redeems Naomi, he must give a son to Ruth—he is unwilling to do this because Ruth is from Moab Boaz doesn’t have this problem—he has no sons—he has already made a claim on Ruth
66	Ruth 4 7843 shachath (shaw-khath'); a primitive root; to decay, i.e. (causatively) ruin (literally or figuratively): KJV-- batter, cast off, corrupt (-er, thing), destroy (-er, -uction), lose, mar, perish, spill, spoiler, X utterly, waste (-r).
67	Ruth 4 7 (Now in earlier times in Israel, for the redemption and transfer of property to become final, one party took off his sandal and gave it to the other. This was the method of legalizing transactions in Israel.)
68	Ruth 4 Required in the mishna (oral Torah) Transfer of property that was not movable was exchanged through an object—today a piece of cloth is used (would not have had a piece of cloth in this time—to expensive) Transfer of an animal was by giving the halter into the hands
69	Ruth 4 But don’t they know and follow the Torah? There are issues based on a lot of things. We read in the later parts of rediscovering the Torah. The Torah has not been lost, it is just not in any kind of form we would recognize The language is likely Egyptian or a Hebrew Egyptian mix The writing is likely hieratic moving toward Hebrew with the mix of Syrian cuneiform
70	Ruth 4 The form is likely clay tablets written initially in hieroglyphics now becoming hieratic/cuneiform mix Who has a copy? Of clay tablets? How many? This is a very difficult question—obviously it is not in the hands or minds of anyone near Bethlehem
71	Deut 25:5-10 5 If brothers are living together and one of them dies without a son, his widow must not marry outside the family. Her husband's brother shall take her and marry her and fulfill the duty of a brother-in-law to her. 6 The first son she bears shall carry on the name of the dead brother so that his name will not be blotted out from Israel.
72	Deut 25:5-10 7 However, if a man does not want to marry his brother's wife, she shall go to the elders at the town gate and say, "My husband's brother refuses to carry on his brother's name in Israel. He will not fulfill the duty of a brother-in-law to me." 8 Then the elders of his town shall summon him and talk to him. If he persists in saying, "I do not want to marry her,"
73	Deut 25:5-10 9 his brother's widow shall go up to him in the presence of the elders, take off one of his sandals, spit in his face and say, "This is what is done to the man who will not build up his brother's family line." 10 That man's line shall be known in Israel as The Family of the Unsandaled. (NIV)
74	Lev 25:23-28 23 "'The land must not be sold permanently, because the land is mine and you are but aliens and my tenants. 24 Throughout the country that you hold as a possession, you must provide for the redemption of the land.
75	Lev 25:23-28 25 "'If one of your countrymen becomes poor and sells some of his property, his nearest relative is to come and redeem what his countryman has sold. 26 If, however, a man has no one to redeem it for him but he himself prospers and acquires sufficient means to redeem it,
76	Lev 25:23-28 27 he is to determine the value for the years since he sold it and refund the balance to the man to whom he sold it; he can then go back to his own property. 28 But if he does not acquire the means to repay him, what he sold will remain in the possession of the buyer until the Year of Jubilee. It will be returned in the Jubilee, and he can then go back to his property. (NIV)
77	Ruth 4 8 So the kinsman-redeemer said to Boaz, "Buy < qanah, procure > it yourself." And he removed his sandal.
78	Ruth 4 7069 qanah (kaw-naw'); a primitive root; to erect, i.e. create; by extension, to procure, especially by purchase (causatively, sell); by implication to own: KJV-- attain, buy (-er), teach to keep cattle, get, provoke to jealousy, possess (-or), purchase, recover, redeem, X surely, X verily.
79	Ruth 4 9 Then Boaz announced to the elders and all the people, "Today you are witnesses that I have bought from <yad, out of the hand of> Naomi all the property of Elimelech, Kilion and Mahlon.
80	Ruth 4 10 I have also acquired < qanah, procured > Ruth the Moabitess, Mahlon's widow, as my wife, in order to maintain the name of the dead with his property, so that his name will not disappear from among his family or from the town records. Today you are witnesses!" Boaz makes the official claim over the land and Ruth
81	Ruth 4 11 Then the elders and all those at the gate said, "We are witnesses. May the LORD make the woman who is coming into your home like Rachel and Leah, who together built up the house of Israel. May you have standing in Ephrathah and be famous in Bethlehem.
82	Ruth 4 Typical blessings Rachel and Leah – both produced male offspring Standing in his own tribe Standing in his own town (place)
83	Ruth 4 12 Through the offspring the LORD gives you by this young woman <na’ahar>, may your family be like that of Perez, whom Tamar bore to Judah."
84	Ruth 4 Very atypical blessing (perhaps it was normative for this intermixing culture) Tamar the Canaanite (apparently) Tamar the DiL of Judah acts as a harot, tricks Judah into sex, takes his payment (surety), and bears him twin sons
85	Gen 38:1-6 1 At that time, Judah left his brothers and went down to stay with a man of Adullam named Hirah. 2 There Judah met the daughter of a Canaanite man named Shua. He married her and lay with her; 3 she became pregnant and gave birth to a son, who was named Er.
86	Gen 38:1-6 4 She conceived again and gave birth to a son and named him Onan. 5 She gave birth to still another son and named him Shelah. It was at Kezib that she gave birth to him. 6 Judah got a wife for Er, his firstborn, and her name was Tamar. (NIV)
87	Gen 38:6-30 6 Judah got a wife for Er, his firstborn, and her name was Tamar. 7 But Er, Judah's firstborn, was wicked in the LORD's sight; so the LORD put him to death. 8 Then Judah said to Onan, "Lie with your brother's wife and fulfill your duty to her as a brother-in-law to produce offspring for your brother."
88	Gen 38:6-30 9 But Onan knew that the offspring would not be his; so whenever he lay with his brother's wife, he spilled his semen on the ground to keep from producing offspring for his brother. 10 What he did was wicked in the LORD's sight; so he put him to death also.
89	Gen 38:6-30 11 Judah then said to his daughter-in-law Tamar, "Live as a widow in your father's house until my son Shelah grows up." For he thought, "He may die too, just like his brothers." So Tamar went to live in her father's house.
90	Gen 38:6-30 12 After a long time Judah's wife, the daughter of Shua, died. When Judah had recovered from his grief, he went up to Timnah, to the men who were shearing his sheep, and his friend Hirah the Adullamite went with him. 13 When Tamar was told, "Your father-in-law is on his way to Timnah to shear his sheep,"
91	Gen 38:6-30 14 she took off her widow's clothes, covered herself with a veil to disguise herself, and then sat down at the entrance to Enaim, which is on the road to Timnah. For she saw that, though Shelah had now grown up, she had not been given to him as his wife. 15 When Judah saw her, he thought she was a prostitute, for she had covered her face.
92	Gen 38:6-30 16 Not realizing that she was his daughter-in-law, he went over to her by the roadside and said, "Come now, let me sleep with you." "And what will you give me to sleep with you?" she asked. 17 "I'll send you a young goat from my flock," he said. "Will you give me something as a pledge until you send it?" she asked.
93	Gen 38:6-30 18 He said, "What pledge should I give you?" "Your seal and its cord, and the staff in your hand," she answered. So he gave them to her and slept with her, and she became pregnant by him. 19 After she left, she took off her veil and put on her widow's clothes again.
94	Gen 38:6-30 20 Meanwhile Judah sent the young goat by his friend the Adullamite in order to get his pledge back from the woman, but he did not find her. 21 He asked the men who lived there, "Where is the shrine prostitute who was beside the road at Enaim?" "There hasn't been any shrine prostitute here," they said.
95	Gen 38:6-30 22 So he went back to Judah and said, "I didn't find her. Besides, the men who lived there said, 'There hasn't been any shrine prostitute here.'" 23 Then Judah said, "Let her keep what she has, or we will become a laughingstock. After all, I did send her this young goat, but you didn't find her."
96	Gen 38:6-30 24 About three months later Judah was told, "Your daughter-in-law Tamar is guilty of prostitution, and as a result she is now pregnant." Judah said, "Bring her out and have her burned to death!" 25 As she was being brought out, she sent a message to her father-in-law. "I am pregnant by the man who owns these," she said. And she added, "See if you recognize whose seal and cord and staff these are."
97	Gen 38:6-30 26 Judah recognized them and said, "She is more righteous than I, since I wouldn't give her to my son Shelah." And he did not sleep with her again. 27 When the time came for her to give birth, there were twin boys in her womb. 28 As she was giving birth, one of them put out his hand; so the midwife took a scarlet thread and tied it on his wrist and said, "This one came out first."
98	Gen 38:6-30 29 But when he drew back his hand, his brother came out, and she said, "So this is how you have broken out!" And he was named Perez. 30 Then his brother, who had the scarlet thread on his wrist, came out and he was given the name Zerah. (NIV)
99	Ruth 4 13 So Boaz took Ruth and she became his wife. Then he went to her, and the LORD enabled her to conceive, and she gave birth to a son. Ruth 4:13 13 So Boaz took Ruth, and she was his wife: and when he went in unto her, the LORD gave her conception, and she bare a son. (KJV)
100	Ruth 4 She was already his wife—KJV gives it a more accurate read Here is the absolute miracle here—Ruth who is so malnourished that she looks like a preadolescent girl gives birth to a healthy boy
101	Ruth 4 14 The women said to Naomi: "Praise be to the LORD, who this day has not left you without a kinsman-redeemer. May he become famous throughout Israel! Boaz is still viewed as Naomi’s KR
102	Ruth 4 15 He will renew your life and sustain you in your old age. For your daughter-in-law, who loves you and who is better to you than seven sons, has given him birth." Ruth will give up her first boy to Naomi That is how much Ruth honored Naomi Ruth gave up her child to Naomi as the KR Filial piety
103	Ruth 4 16 Then Naomi took the child, laid him in her lap and cared for him. In case you missed it
104	Ruth 4 17 The women living there said, "Naomi has a son." And they named him Obed. He was the father of Jesse, the father of David.
105	Ruth 4 So now we know how David is from Judah—Naomi is from Judah Obed is the son of Naomi by law, so although Obed is really the offspring of Ruth, from Moab and of Boaz an Ephramite, Obed is considered the child of Naomi and therefore from Judah Likewise, the land of Naomi goes to Obed Inheritance of Jewishness is through the mother
106	Ruth 4 18 This, then, is the family line of Perez: Perez was the father of Hezron, 19 Hezron the father of Ram, Ram the father of Amminadab, 20 Amminadab the father of Nahshon, Nahshon the father of Salmon, 21 Salmon the father of Boaz, Boaz the father of Obed,
107	Ruth 4 22 Obed the father of Jesse, and Jesse the father of David. Note that the line goes through Perez, the son of Judah and Tamar Not a complete genealogy—leaves out a lot of generations
108	Ruth 4 There are deep issues here in the Megillat Ruth, or "the scroll of Ruth" Primarily – David is a third generation Moabite Claim is through Naomi, but still Ruth is a taint on his line Second – David is through Tamar a woman of Er Illicit relationship in multiple accounts Third – what real claim does David have to be a Hebrew?
109	Ruth 4 Was Ruth recorded to reduce David’s authority to the throne? To increase his authority—not likely! Rabbis believe Ruth was lifted from Judges—indeed it doesn’t have a synopsis and appears to have been originally in Judges
110	Messiah Concept Ruth is viewed as the beginning of the concept of Messiah Ruth redeemed Naomi – this seems to be a really missed idea that is very obvious to a Hebrew in the culture The kinsman-redeemer ga’al is always a man in the oriental world, but Ruth was the one who truly redeemed—she gave her son to Naomi to redeem the name of Elimelech and the fortunes of Naomi
111	Messiah Concept Boaz did his duty to redeem Ruth He really didn’t go much beyond the requirement He did accept Ruth, a Moabites into his household He did not necessarily go beyond the requirements of the law In a survival culture his actions are commendable Ruth’s actions are more than commendable She allowed herself to be redeemed in spite of her MiLs actions and activity Naomi was the one who should have been redeemed by Boaz
112	Messiah Concept That is the point of the Megillat Ruth, or "the scroll of Ruth" Ruth a Moabites became the redeemer of Naomi, a woman who did everything to harm her DiL Ruth gave her son to redeem Naomi - this is the beginning of the Messianic view of the Hebrew people and sustains it to the time of Christ and even to today
113	Conclusions This is why this is the scroll read on Pentecost before the Torah account of the bringing of the law
114	Conclusions Ruth shows the perfection of the Law Applies to all men and women Perfection of woman Redemption is a step beyond the Torah In spite of those who did not follow the Torah—redemption came Redemption came through woman—not man Sin came through man—not woman Redemption came from outside the Hebrew people—indeed it came through God and not the Hebrews
115	Next Time That’s all for Ruth Apocrypha of the OT: an Historical Overview