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1
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- L. D. Alford
- www.lionelalford.com
- www.ldalford.com
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2
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- Gospels as Greek Literature
- Literary context
- Basis for all modern literature
- Gospels as Histories
- Historical context
- Cultural context
- Basis of Western Civilization
- NT in terms of history and literature
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3
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- 1. Introduction to ancient
cultures
- 2. Historical prelude
- 3. Historical veracity of the
Gospels
- 4. Literature of the Gospels
- 5. Tellos of Matthew
- 6. Tellos of Mark
- 7. Tellos of Luke
- 8. Tellos of John & Tellic
comparison
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4
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- 8. Tellos of John
- Greek literature
- Argument to a Tellos
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5
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- New Testament
- 27 separate historical works
- Historical documents—Historical documents written in Greek
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- έγώ ego – I
- είμι eimi - am
- έγώ είμι ego eimi – I am (odd Greek)
- σημεία
semeion - sign
- τέλος telos - the point aimed at as a limit
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7
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- έγώ 1473 ego
(eg-o'); a primary pronoun of the first person I (only expressed when
emphatic): KJV-- I, me.
- είμι 1510
eimi (i-mee'); the first person singular present indicative; a
prolonged form of a primary and defective verb; I exist (used only when
emphatic): KJV-- am, have been, X it is I, was.
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8
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- έγώ είμι ego eimi I am; unusual in
Greek, repetitive form
- Basically ego eimi means absolute identity
- Concrete declaration of identity
- In classical Greek not applied figuratively
- Example: ego eimi a man
(redundant form unnecessary declaration unless a question)
- Example: king says ego eimi a
king (redundant form unless some question)
- Example: ego eimi a gate (not allowed unless you are literally a gate)
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9
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- σημεία 4592 semeion (say-mi'-on); neuter of a
presumed derivative of the base of 4591; an indication, especially
ceremonially or supernaturally: KJV-- miracle, sign, token, wonder.
- 4591 semaino (say-mah'-ee-no);
from sema (a mark; of uncertain derivation); to indicate: KJV--
signify.
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10
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- John Chapter 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 11, 15, 20
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11
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- Based on historicity, could conclude
telos simply record of history
- Saw Greek literature (dialogues) are not based in this model
- Narratives in Greek are close, but Greek historians used a similar
organization for their writing
- Literature in other cultures organized differently than English
- Gospels are not organized the way we would expect good writing in
English
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12
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- John not organized around dialogues – organized around narratives
- Focus of John is 7 signs and 7 specific “I am” (ego eimi) statements –
historical-legal proof
- John refers to these as witnesses of divinity
- Study of John must focus first on the signs and then on the “I am” (ego
eimi) statements that frame them
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13
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- Who is John
- Jewish
- John the apostle
- Beloved disciple
- Given responsibility for Jesus mother
- Literate
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14
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- Look at the signs (semeion)
- Start with logos declaration
- John 1:1-51 – statement of “’amar”
- 1 In the beginning was the Word <logos>, and the Word
<logos> was with God, and the Word <logos> was God.
- 2 He was with God in the beginning.
- 3 Through him all things were made; without him nothing was made that
has been made. <the amar>
- 4 In him was life, and that life was the light of men.
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15
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- Gen 1:1-3
- 1 In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth.
- 2 Now the earth was formless and empty, darkness was over the surface
of the deep, and the Spirit of God was hovering over the waters.
- 3 And God said <‘amar>, "Let there be light," and there
was light.
- Greek Septuagint says “And God logos…”
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16
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- 5 The light shines in the darkness, but the darkness has not understood
it.
- 6 There came a man who was sent from God; his name was John.
- 7 He came as a witness to testify concerning that light, so that
through him all men might believe.
- 8 He himself was not the light; he came only as a witness to the light.
- 9 The true light that gives light to every man was coming into the
world.
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17
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- 10 He was in the world, and though the world was made through him, the
world did not recognize him.
- 11 He came to that which was his own, but his own did not receive him.
- 12 Yet to all who received him, to those who believed in his name, he
gave the right to become children of God--
- 13 children born not of natural descent, nor of human decision or a
husband's will, but born of God.
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18
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- 14 The Word <logos> became flesh and made his dwelling among us.
We have seen his glory, the glory of the One and Only, who came from
the Father, full of grace and truth.
- 15 John testifies concerning him. He cries out, saying, "This was
he of whom I said, 'He who comes after me has surpassed me because he
was before me.'"
- 16 From the fullness of his grace we have all received one blessing
after another.
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19
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- 17 grace and truth came through Jesus Christ.
- 18 No one has ever seen God, but God the One and Only, who is at the
Father's side, has made him known.
- 19 Now this was John's testimony when the Jews of Jerusalem sent
priests and Levites to ask him who he was.
- 20 He did not fail to confess, but confessed freely, "I am not the
Christ.“ <not ego eimi>
- 21 They asked him, "Then who are you? Are you Elijah?" He
said, "I am not." "Are you the Prophet?" He
answered, "No."
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20
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- 22 Finally they said, "Who are you? Give us an answer to take back
to those who sent us. What do you say about yourself?"
- 23 "I am the voice of one calling in the desert, 'Make straight
the way for the Lord.'"
- 24 Now some Pharisees who had been sent
- 25 questioned him, "Why then do you baptize if you are not the
Christ, nor Elijah, nor the Prophet?"
- 26 "I baptize with water," John replied, "but among you
stands one you do not know.
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21
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- 27 He is the one who comes after me, the thongs of whose sandals I am
not worthy to untie."
- 28 of the Jordan, where John was baptizing.
- 29 The next day John saw Jesus coming toward him and said, "Look,
the Lamb of God, who takes away the sin of the world!
- 30 This is the one I meant when I said, 'A man who comes after me has
surpassed me because he was before me.'
- 31 I myself did not know him, but the reason I came baptizing with
water was that he might be revealed to Israel."
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22
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- 32 Then John gave this testimony: "I saw the Spirit come down from
heaven as a dove and remain on him.
- 33 told me, 'The man on whom you see the Spirit come down and remain is
he who will baptize with the Holy Spirit.'
- 34 I have seen and I testify that this is the Son of God."
- 35 The next day John was there again with two of his disciples.
- 36 When he saw Jesus passing by, he said, "Look, the Lamb of
God!"
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23
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- 37 When the two disciples heard him say this, they followed Jesus.
- 38 " They said, "Rabbi" (which means Teacher),
"where are you staying?"
- 39 "Come," he replied, "and you will see." So they
went and saw where he was staying, and spent that day with him. It was
about the tenth hour.
- 40 Andrew, Simon Peter's brother, was one of the two who heard what
John had said and who had followed Jesus.
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24
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- 41 The first thing Andrew did was to find his brother Simon and tell
him, "We have found the Messiah" (that is, the Christ).
- 42 And he brought him to Jesus. Jesus looked at him and said, "You
are Simon son of John. You will be called Cephas" (which, when
translated, is Peter).
- 43 The next day Jesus decided to leave for Galilee. Finding Philip, he
said to him, "Follow me."
- 44 Philip, like Andrew and Peter, was from the town of Bethsaida.
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25
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- 45 Philip found Nathanael and told him, "We have found the one
Moses wrote about in the Law, and about whom the prophets also wrote--
Jesus of Nazareth, the son of Joseph."
- 46 there?" Nathanael asked. "Come and see," said Philip.
- 47 When Jesus saw Nathanael approaching, he said of him, "Here is
a true Israelite, in whom there is nothing false."
- 48 "How do you know me?" Nathanael asked. Jesus answered,
"I saw you while you were still under the fig tree before Philip
called you."
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26
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- 49 Then Nathanael declared, "Rabbi, you are the Son of God; you
are the King of Israel."
- 50 Jesus said, "You believe because I told you I saw you under the
fig tree. You shall see greater things than that."
- 51 He then added, "I tell you the truth, you shall see heaven
open, and the angels of God ascending and descending on the Son of
Man."
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27
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- Statement defined within the context of the logos!
- Can John be any clearer?
- He is stating that whoever he is writing about is the logos—the
argument, the answer the Jews and the world is looking for
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28
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- 29 Then Jesus told him, "Because you have seen me, you have
believed; blessed are those who have not seen and yet have
believed."
- 30 Jesus did many other miraculous signs <semeion> in the
presence of his disciples, which are not recorded in this book.
- 31 But these are written that you may believe that Jesus is the Christ,
the Son of God, and that by believing you may have life in his name.
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29
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- We don’t look for conclusions in Greek documents, but maybe we can find
a telos
- Focus is very clear—John is saying here is my argument (logos)
- Here is my goal (telos)
- He puts it where a Greek reader can’t miss it
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30
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- So what is John’s argument?
- Statement in the telos 20:30 and 31
- John 20: 30-31
- 30 Jesus did many other miraculous signs <semeion> in the
presence of his disciples, which are not recorded in this book.
- 31 But these are written that you may believe that Jesus is the Christ,
the Son of God, and that by believing you may have life in his name.
- So what are these miracles or signs
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31
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- John 2:1-11
- 1 On the third day a wedding took place at Cana in Galilee. Jesus'
mother was there,
- 2 and Jesus and his disciples had also been invited to the wedding.
- 3 When the wine was gone, Jesus' mother said to him, "They have no
more wine."
- 4 "Dear woman, why do you involve me?" Jesus replied.
"My time has not yet come."
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32
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- 5 His mother said to the servants, "Do whatever he tells
you."
- 6 Nearby stood six stone water jars, the kind used by the Jews for
ceremonial washing, each holding from twenty to thirty gallons.
- 7 Jesus said to the servants, "Fill the jars with water"; so
they filled them to the brim.
- 8 Then he told them, "Now draw some out and take it to the master
of the banquet." They did so,
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33
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- 9 and the master of the banquet tasted the water that had been turned
into wine. He did not realize where it had come from, though the
servants who had drawn the water knew. Then he called the bridegroom
aside
- 10 and said, "Everyone brings out the choice wine first and then
the cheaper wine after the guests have had too much to drink; but you
have saved the best till now."
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34
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- 11 This, the first of his miraculous signs <semeion>, Jesus
performed at Cana in Galilee. He thus revealed his glory, and his
disciples put their faith in him.
- Sign 1 – Water into wine
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35
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- John 4:45-54
- 45 had done in Jerusalem at the Passover Feast, for they also had been
there.
- 46 Once more he visited Cana in Galilee, where he had turned the water
into wine. And there was a certain royal official whose son lay sick at
Capernaum.
- 47 When this man heard that Jesus had arrived in Galilee from Judea, he
went to him and begged him to come and heal his son, who was close to
death.
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36
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- 48 "Unless you people see miraculous signs and wonders,"
Jesus told him, "you will never believe."
- 49 The royal official said, "Sir, come down before my child
dies."
- 50 Jesus replied, "You may go. Your son will live." The man
took Jesus at his word and departed.
- 51 While he was still on the way, his servants met him with the news
that his boy was living.
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37
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- 52 When he inquired as to the time when his son got better, they said
to him, "The fever left him yesterday at the seventh hour."
- 53 Then the father realized that this was the exact time at which Jesus
had said to him, "Your son will live." So he and all his
household believed.
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38
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- 54 This was the second miraculous sign <semeion> that Jesus
performed, having come from Judea to Galilee.
- Sign 2 – Healing the royal official’s son
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39
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- John 5:1-9
- 1 Some time later, Jesus went up to Jerusalem for a feast of the Jews.
- 2 Now there is in Jerusalem near the Sheep Gate a pool, which in
Aramaic is called Bethesda and which is surrounded by five covered
colonnades.
- 3 Here a great number of disabled people used to lie-- the blind, the
lame, the paralyzed.
- 5 One who was there had been an invalid for thirty-eight years.
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40
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- 6 When Jesus saw him lying there and learned that he had been in this
condition for a long time, he asked him, "Do you want to get
well?"
- 7 "Sir," the invalid replied, "I have no one to help me
into the pool when the water is stirred. While I am trying to get in,
someone else goes down ahead of me."
- 8 Then Jesus said to him, "Get up! Pick up your mat and
walk."
- 9 At once the man was cured; he picked up his mat and walked. The day
on which this took place was a Sabbath,
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41
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- John doesn’t have to tell us this time
- Sign 3 – Sabbath healing of the invalid at the pool of Bethesda
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42
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- John 6:1-15
- 1 Some time after this, Jesus crossed to the far shore of the Sea of
Galilee (that is, the Sea of Tiberias),
- 2 and a great crowd of people followed him because they saw the
miraculous signs he had performed on the sick.
- 3 Then Jesus went up on a mountainside and sat down with his disciples.
- 4 The Jewish Passover Feast was near.
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43
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- 5 When Jesus looked up and saw a great crowd coming toward him, he said
to Philip, "Where shall we buy bread for these people to
eat?"
- 6 He asked this only to test him, for he already had in mind what he
was going to do.
- 7 Philip answered him, "Eight months' wages would not buy enough
bread for each one to have a bite!"
- 8 Another of his disciples, Andrew, Simon Peter's brother, spoke up,
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44
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- 9 "Here is a boy with five small barley loaves and two small fish,
but how far will they go among so many?"
- 10 Jesus said, "Have the people sit down." There was plenty
of grass in that place, and the men sat down, about five thousand of
them.
- 11 Jesus then took the loaves, gave thanks, and distributed to those
who were seated as much as they wanted. He did the same with the fish.
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45
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- 12 When they had all had enough to eat, he said to his disciples,
"Gather the pieces that are left over. Let nothing be
wasted."
- 13 So they gathered them and filled twelve baskets with the pieces of
the five barley loaves left over by those who had eaten.
- 14 After the people saw the miraculous sign that Jesus did, they began
to say, "Surely this is the Prophet who is to come into the
world."
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46
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- 15 Jesus, knowing that they intended to come and make him king by
force, withdrew again to a mountain by himself.
- No need to point it out, result is interesting
- Sign 4 – Feeding the multitude 6:1-15
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47
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- John 6:32-37
- 32 Jesus said to them, "I tell you the truth, it is not Moses who
has given you the bread from heaven, but it is my Father who gives you
the true bread from heaven.
- 33 For the bread of God is he who comes down from heaven and gives life
to the world."
- 34 "Sir," they said, "from now on give us this
bread."
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48
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- 35 Then Jesus declared, "I am the bread of life. He who comes to
me will never go hungry, and he who believes in me will never be
thirsty.
- 36 But as I told you, you have seen me and still you do not believe.
- 37 All that the Father gives me will come to me, and whoever comes to
me I will never drive away.
- Sign 4 – Feeding the multitude 6:1-15
- I am the bread of life 6:35
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49
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- Following most of the signs is an emphatic declaration—ego eimi
- The logos concept embodied in this is the historical witness
- Historical-legal method of proof
- Proof – logos to telos
- Declarative statement – I am <ego eimi>
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50
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- John 8:12-20
- 12 When Jesus spoke again to the people, he said, "I am <ego
eimi> the light of the world. Whoever follows me will never walk in
darkness, but will have the light of life."
- 13 The Pharisees challenged him, "Here you are, appearing as your
own witness; your testimony is not valid."
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51
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- 14 Jesus answered, "Even if I testify on my own behalf, my
testimony is valid, for I know where I came from and where I am going.
But you have no idea where I come from or where I am going.
- 15 You judge by human standards; I pass judgment on no one.
- 16 But if I do judge, my decisions are right, because I am not alone. I
stand with the Father, who sent me.
- 17 In your own Law it is written that the testimony of two men is
valid.
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52
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- 18 I am one who testifies for myself; my other witness is the Father,
who sent me."
- 19 Then they asked him, "Where is your father?" "You do
not know me or my Father," Jesus replied. "If you knew me,
you would know my Father also."
- 20 He spoke these words while teaching in the temple area near the
place where the offerings were put. Yet no one seized him, because his
time had not yet come.
- I am the light of the world 8:12
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53
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- I am the light of the world 8:12
- Followed by a Socratic argument about witness that takes from
- Rabbinic thought and Greek rationalism
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54
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- John 9:1-14
- 1 As he went along, he saw a man blind from birth.
- 2 His disciples asked him, "Rabbi, who sinned, this man or his
parents, that he was born blind?"
- 3 "Neither this man nor his parents sinned," said Jesus,
"but this happened so that the work of God might be displayed in
his life.
- 4 As long as it is day, we must do the work of him who sent me. Night
is coming, when no one can work.
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55
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- 5 While I am in the world, I am the light of the world."
- 6 Having said this, he spit on the ground, made some mud with the
saliva, and put it on the man's eyes.
- 7 "Go," he told him, "wash in the Pool of Siloam"
(this word means Sent). So the man went and washed, and came home
seeing.
- 8 His neighbors and those who had formerly seen him begging asked,
"Isn't this the same man who used to sit and beg?"
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56
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- 9 Some claimed that he was. Others said, "No, he only looks like
him." But he himself insisted, "I am the man."
- 10 "How then were your eyes opened?" they demanded.
- 11 He replied, "The man they call Jesus made some mud and put it
on my eyes. He told me to go to Siloam and wash. So I went and washed,
and then I could see."
- 12 "Where is this man?" they asked him. "I don't
know," he said.
- 13 They brought to the Pharisees the man who had been blind.
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57
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- 14 Now the day on which Jesus had made the mud and opened the man's
eyes was a Sabbath.
- Sign 5 – healing of the man blind from birth on the Sabbath 9:1-14
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58
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- John 10:6-15
- 6 Jesus used this figure of speech, but they did not understand what he
was telling them.
- 7 Therefore Jesus said again, "I tell you the truth, I am <ego
eimi> the gate for the sheep.
- 8 All who ever came before me were thieves and robbers, but the sheep
did not listen to them.
- 9 I am <ego eimi> the gate; whoever enters through me will be
saved. He will come in and go out, and find pasture.
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59
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- 10 The thief comes only to steal and kill and destroy; I have come that
they may have life, and have it to the full.
- 11 "I am <ego eimi> the good shepherd. The good shepherd
lays down his life for the sheep.
- 12 The hired hand is not the shepherd who owns the sheep. So when he
sees the wolf coming, he abandons the sheep and runs away. Then the
wolf attacks the flock and scatters it.
- 13 The man runs away because he is a hired hand and cares nothing for
the sheep.
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60
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- 14 "I am <ego eimi> the good shepherd; I know my sheep and
my sheep know me--
- 15 just as the Father knows me and I know the Father-- and I lay down
my life for the sheep.
- I am the gate (to salvation) 10:9
- I am the good shepherd (who lays down his life for the sheep) 10:11
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61
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- John 11:1-45
- 1 Now a man named Lazarus was sick. He was from Bethany, the village of
Mary and her sister Martha.
- 2 This Mary, whose brother Lazarus now lay sick, was the same one who
poured perfume on the Lord and wiped his feet with her hair.
- 3 So the sisters sent word to Jesus, "Lord, the one you love is
sick."
- 4 When he heard this, Jesus said, "This sickness will not end in
death. No, it is for God's glory so that God's Son may be glorified
through it."
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62
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- 5 Jesus loved Martha and her sister and Lazarus.
- 6 Yet when he heard that Lazarus was sick, he stayed where he was two
more days.
- 7 Then he said to his disciples, "Let us go back to Judea."
- 8 "But Rabbi," they said, "a short while ago the Jews
tried to stone you, and yet you are going back there?"
- 9 Jesus answered, "Are there not twelve hours of daylight? A man
who walks by day will not stumble, for he sees by this world's light.
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63
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- 10 It is when he walks by night that he stumbles, for he has no
light."
- 11 After he had said this, he went on to tell them, "Our friend
Lazarus has fallen asleep; but I am going there to wake him up."
- 12 His disciples replied, "Lord, if he sleeps, he will get
better."
- 13 Jesus had been speaking of his death, but his disciples thought he
meant natural sleep.
- 14 So then he told them plainly, "Lazarus is dead,
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64
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- 15 and for your sake I am glad I was not there, so that you may
believe. But let us go to him."
- 16 Then Thomas (called Didymus) said to the rest of the disciples,
"Let us also go, that we may die with him."
- 17 On his arrival, Jesus found that Lazarus had already been in the
tomb for four days.
- 18 Bethany was less than two miles from Jerusalem,
- 19 and many Jews had come to Martha and Mary to comfort them in the
loss of their brother.
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65
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- 20 When Martha heard that Jesus was coming, she went out to meet him,
but Mary stayed at home.
- 21 "Lord," Martha said to Jesus, "if you had been here,
my brother would not have died.
- 22 But I know that even now God will give you whatever you ask."
- 23 Jesus said to her, "Your brother will rise again."
- 24 Martha answered, "I know he will rise again in the resurrection
at the last day."
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66
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- 25 Jesus said to her, "I am <ego eimi> the resurrection and
the life. He who believes in me will live, even though he dies;
- 26 and whoever lives and believes in me will never die. Do you believe
this?"
- 27 "Yes, Lord," she told him, "I believe that you are
the Christ, the Son of God, who was to come into the world."
- 28 And after she had said this, she went back and called her sister
Mary aside. "The Teacher is here," she said, "and is
asking for you."
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67
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- I am the resurrection and the life John 11:25
- Point of this was not missed by Martha
- Her response – I am convinced that you are the Christ, the Son of God,
who has come into the world
- Proof text logos to telos
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68
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- 29 When Mary heard this, she got up quickly and went to him.
- 30 Now Jesus had not yet entered the village, but was still at the
place where Martha had met him.
- 31 When the Jews who had been with Mary in the house, comforting her,
noticed how quickly she got up and went out, they followed her,
supposing she was going to the tomb to mourn there.
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69
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- 32 When Mary reached the place where Jesus was and saw him, she fell at
his feet and said, "Lord, if you had been here, my brother would
not have died."
- 33 When Jesus saw her weeping, and the Jews who had come along with her
also weeping, he was deeply moved in spirit and troubled.
- 34 "Where have you laid him?" he asked. "Come and see,
Lord," they replied.
- 35 Jesus wept.
- 36 Then the Jews said, "See how he loved him!"
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70
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- 37 But some of them said, "Could not he who opened the eyes of the
blind man have kept this man from dying?"
- 38 Jesus, once more deeply moved, came to the tomb. It was a cave with
a stone laid across the entrance.
- 39 "Take away the stone," he said. "But, Lord,"
said Martha, the sister of the dead man, "by this time there is a
bad odor, for he has been there four days."
- 40 Then Jesus said, "Did I not tell you that if you believed, you
would see the glory of God?"
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71
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- 41 So they took away the stone. Then Jesus looked up and said,
"Father, I thank you that you have heard me.
- 42 I knew that you always hear me, but I said this for the benefit of
the people standing here, that they may believe that you sent me."
- 43 When he had said this, Jesus called in a loud voice, "Lazarus,
come out!"
- 44 The dead man came out, his hands and feet wrapped with strips of
linen, and a cloth around his face. Jesus said to them, "Take off
the grave clothes and let him go."
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72
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- 45 Therefore many of the Jews who had come to visit Mary, and had seen
what Jesus did, put their faith in him.
- Sign 6 -- Raising Lazarus from the dead 11:1-45
- I am the resurrection and the life (he who believes in me will live;
even though he dies) 11:25
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73
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- John 14:1-11
- 1 "Do not let your hearts be troubled. Trust in God; trust also in
me.
- 2 In my Father's house are many rooms; if it were not so, I would have
told you. I am going there to prepare a place for you.
- 3 And if I go and prepare a place for you, I will come back and take
you to be with me that you also may be where I am.
- 4 You know the way to the place where I am going."
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- 5 Thomas said to him, "Lord, we don't know where you are going, so
how can we know the way?"
- 6 Jesus answered, "I am the way and the truth and the life. No one
comes to the Father except through me.
- 7 If you really knew me, you would know my Father as well. From now on,
you do know him and have seen him."
- 8 Philip said, "Lord, show us the Father and that will be enough
for us."
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- 9 Jesus answered: "Don't you know me, Philip, even after I have
been among you such a long time? Anyone who has seen me has seen the
Father. How can you say, 'Show us the Father'?
- 10 Don't you believe that I am in the Father, and that the Father is in
me? The words I say to you are not just my own. Rather, it is the
Father, living in me, who is doing his work.
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- 11 Believe me when I say that I am in the Father and the Father is in
me; or at least believe on the evidence of the miracles themselves.
- I am the way, the truth, and the life (no one comes to the Father except
through me) 14:6
- Wonderful Greek rational argument
- If you won’t believe my statements and logos
- Believe the evidence of the signs
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- John 15:1-5
- 1 "I am <ego eimi> the true vine, and my Father is the
gardener.
- 2 He cuts off every branch in me that bears no fruit, while every
branch that does bear fruit he prunes so that it will be even more
fruitful.
- 3 You are already clean because of the word I have spoken to you.
- 4 Remain in me, and I will remain in you. No branch can bear fruit by
itself; it must remain in the vine. Neither can you bear fruit unless
you remain in me.
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- 5 "I am <ego eimi> the vine; you are the branches. If a man
remains in me and I in him, he will bear much fruit; apart from me you
can do nothing.
- I am the true vine, and my Father is the gardener 15:1
- Context of the Ego Eimi
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- John 18:1-40
- 1 When he had finished praying, Jesus left with his disciples and
crossed the Kidron Valley. On the other side there was an olive grove,
and he and his disciples went into it.
- 2 Now Judas, who betrayed him, knew the place, because Jesus had often
met there with his disciples.
- 3 So Judas came to the grove, guiding a detachment of soldiers and some
officials from the chief priests and Pharisees. They were carrying
torches, lanterns and weapons.
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- 4 Jesus, knowing all that was going to happen to him, went out and
asked them, "Who is it you want?"
- 5 "Jesus of Nazareth," they replied. "I am <ego
eimi> he," Jesus said. (And Judas the traitor was standing
there with them.)
- 6 When Jesus said, "I am <ego eimi> he," they drew back
and fell to the ground.
- 7 Again he asked them, "Who is it you want?" And they said,
"Jesus of Nazareth."
- 8 "I told you that I am <ego eimi> he," Jesus answered.
"If you are looking for me, then let these men go."
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- 9 This happened so that the words he had spoken would be fulfilled:
"I have not lost one of those you gave me."
- 10 Then Simon Peter, who had a sword, drew it and struck the high
priest's servant, cutting off his right ear. (The servant's name was
Malchus.)
- 11 Jesus commanded Peter, "Put your sword away! Shall I not drink
the cup the Father has given me?"
- 12 Then the detachment of soldiers with its commander and the Jewish
officials arrested Jesus. They bound him
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- 13 and brought him first to Annas, who was the father-in-law of
Caiaphas, the high priest that year.
- 14 Caiaphas was the one who had advised the Jews that it would be good
if one man died for the people.
- 15 Simon Peter and another disciple were following Jesus. Because this
disciple was known to the high priest, he went with Jesus into the high
priest's courtyard,
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- 16 but Peter had to wait outside at the door. The other disciple, who
was known to the high priest, came back, spoke to the girl on duty
there and brought Peter in.
- 17 "You are not one of his disciples, are you?" the girl at
the door asked Peter. He replied, "I am not."
- 18 It was cold, and the servants and officials stood around a fire they
had made to keep warm. Peter also was standing with them, warming
himself.
- 19 Meanwhile, the high priest questioned Jesus about his disciples and
his teaching.
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- 20 "I have spoken openly to the world," Jesus replied.
"I always taught in synagogues or at the temple, where all the
Jews come together. I said nothing in secret.
- 21 Why question me? Ask those who heard me. Surely they know what I
said."
- 22 When Jesus said this, one of the officials nearby struck him in the
face. "Is this the way you answer the high priest?" he
demanded.
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- 23 "If I said something wrong," Jesus replied, "testify
as to what is wrong. But if I spoke the truth, why did you strike
me?"
- 24 Then Annas sent him, still bound, to Caiaphas the high priest.
- 25 As Simon Peter stood warming himself, he was asked, "You are
not one of his disciples, are you?" He denied it, saying, "I
am not."
- 26 One of the high priest's servants, a relative of the man whose ear
Peter had cut off, challenged him, "Didn't I see you with him in
the olive grove?"
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- 27 Again Peter denied it, and at that moment a rooster began to crow.
- Context complete
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- John 18:28-40
- 28 Then the Jews led Jesus from Caiaphas to the palace of the Roman
governor. By now it was early morning, and to avoid ceremonial
uncleanness the Jews did not enter the palace; they wanted to be able
to eat the Passover.
- 29 So Pilate came out to them and asked, "What charges are you
bringing against this man?"
- 30 "If he were not a criminal," they replied, "we would
not have handed him over to you."
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- 31 Pilate said, "Take him yourselves and judge him by your own
law." "But we have no right to execute anyone," the Jews
objected.
- 32 This happened so that the words Jesus had spoken indicating the kind
of death he was going to die would be fulfilled.
- 33 Pilate then went back inside the palace, summoned Jesus and asked
him, "Are you the king of the Jews?"
- 34 "Is that your own idea," Jesus asked, "or did others
talk to you about me?"
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- 35 "Am I a Jew?" Pilate replied. "It was your people and
your chief priests who handed you over to me. What is it you have
done?"
- 36 Jesus said, "My kingdom is not of this world. If it were, my
servants would fight to prevent my arrest by the Jews. But now my
kingdom is from another place."
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- 37 "You are a king, then!" said Pilate. Jesus answered,
"You are right in saying I am <ego eimi> a king. In fact,
for this reason I was born, and for this I came into the world, to
testify to the truth. Everyone on the side of truth listens to
me."
- 38 "What is truth?" Pilate asked. With this he went out again
to the Jews and said, "I find no basis for a charge against him.
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- 39 But it is your custom for me to release to you one prisoner at the
time of the Passover. Do you want me to release 'the king of the
Jews'?"
- 40 They shouted back, "No, not him! Give us Barabbas!" Now
Barabbas had taken part in a rebellion.
- I am a king (my kingdom is not of this world) 18:37
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92
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- John 19:1-22
- 1 Then Pilate took Jesus and had him flogged.
- 2 The soldiers twisted together a crown of thorns and put it on his
head. They clothed him in a purple robe
- 3 and went up to him again and again, saying, "Hail, king of the
Jews!" And they struck him in the face.
- 4 Once more Pilate came out and said to the Jews, "Look, I am
bringing him out to you to let you know that I find no basis for a
charge against him."
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- 5 When Jesus came out wearing the crown of thorns and the purple robe,
Pilate said to them, "Here is the man!"
- 6 As soon as the chief priests and their officials saw him, they
shouted, "Crucify! Crucify!" But Pilate answered, "You
take him and crucify him. As for me, I find no basis for a charge
against him."
- 7 The Jews insisted, "We have a law, and according to that law he
must die, because he claimed to be the Son of God."
- 8 When Pilate heard this, he was even more afraid,
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- 9 and he went back inside the palace. "Where do you come
from?" he asked Jesus, but Jesus gave him no answer.
- 10 "Do you refuse to speak to me?" Pilate said. "Don't
you realize I have power either to free you or to crucify you?"
- 11 Jesus answered, "You would have no power over me if it were not
given to you from above. Therefore the one who handed me over to you is
guilty of a greater sin."
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- 12 From then on, Pilate tried to set Jesus free, but the Jews kept
shouting, "If you let this man go, you are no friend of Caesar.
Anyone who claims to be a king opposes Caesar."
- 13 When Pilate heard this, he brought Jesus out and sat down on the
judge's seat at a place known as the Stone Pavement (which in Aramaic
is Gabbatha).
- 14 It was the day of Preparation of Passover Week, about the sixth
hour. "Here is your king," Pilate said to the Jews.
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- 15 But they shouted, "Take him away! Take him away! Crucify
him!" "Shall I crucify your king?" Pilate asked.
"We have no king but Caesar," the chief priests answered.
- 16 Finally Pilate handed him over to them to be crucified. So the
soldiers took charge of Jesus.
- 17 Carrying his own cross, he went out to the place of the Skull (which
in Aramaic is called Golgotha).
- 18 Here they crucified him, and with him two others-- one on each side
and Jesus in the middle.
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- 19 Pilate had a notice prepared and fastened to the cross. It read:
JESUS OF NAZARETH, THE KING OF THE JEWS.
- 20 Many of the Jews read this sign, for the place where Jesus was
crucified was near the city, and the sign was written in Aramaic, Latin
and Greek.
- 21 The chief priests of the Jews protested to Pilate, "Do not
write 'The King of the Jews,' but that this man claimed to be king of
the Jews."
- 22 Pilate answered, "What I have written, I have written."
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98
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- John 20:1-31
- 1 Early on the first day of the week, while it was still dark, Mary
Magdalene went to the tomb and saw that the stone had been removed from
the entrance.
- 2 So she came running to Simon Peter and the other disciple, the one
Jesus loved, and said, "They have taken the Lord out of the tomb,
and we don't know where they have put him!"
- 3 So Peter and the other disciple started for the tomb.
- 4 Both were running, but the other disciple outran Peter and reached
the tomb first.
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- 5 He bent over and looked in at the strips of linen lying there but did
not go in.
- 6 Then Simon Peter, who was behind him, arrived and went into the tomb.
He saw the strips of linen lying there,
- 7 as well as the burial cloth that had been around Jesus' head. The
cloth was folded up by itself, separate from the linen.
- 8 Finally the other disciple, who had reached the tomb first, also went
inside. He saw and believed.
- 9 (They still did not understand from Scripture that Jesus had to rise
from the dead.)
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- 10 Then the disciples went back to their homes,
- 11 but Mary stood outside the tomb crying. As she wept, she bent over
to look into the tomb
- 12 and saw two angels in white, seated where Jesus' body had been, one
at the head and the other at the foot.
- 13 They asked her, "Woman, why are you crying?" "They
have taken my Lord away," she said, "and I don't know where
they have put him."
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- 14 At this, she turned around and saw Jesus standing there, but she did
not realize that it was Jesus.
- 15 "Woman," he said, "why are you crying? Who is it you
are looking for?" Thinking he was the gardener, she said,
"Sir, if you have carried him away, tell me where you have put
him, and I will get him."
- 16 Jesus said to her, "Mary." She turned toward him and cried
out in Aramaic, "Rabboni!" (which means Teacher).
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- 17 Jesus said, "Do not hold on to me, for I have not yet returned
to the Father. Go instead to my brothers and tell them, 'I am returning
to my Father and your Father, to my God and your God.'"
- 18 Mary Magdalene went to the disciples with the news: "I have
seen the Lord!" And she told them that he had said these things to
her.
- 19 On the evening of that first day of the week, when the disciples
were together, with the doors locked for fear of the Jews, Jesus came
and stood among them and said, "Peace be with you!"
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- 20 After he said this, he showed them his hands and side. The disciples
were overjoyed when they saw the Lord.
- 21 Again Jesus said, "Peace be with you! As the Father has sent
me, I am sending you."
- 22 And with that he breathed on them and said, "Receive the Holy
Spirit.
- 23 If you forgive anyone his sins, they are forgiven; if you do not
forgive them, they are not forgiven."
- 24 Now Thomas (called Didymus), one of the Twelve, was not with the
disciples when Jesus came.
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- 25 So the other disciples told him, "We have seen the Lord!"
But he said to them, "Unless I see the nail marks in his hands and
put my finger where the nails were, and put my hand into his side, I
will not believe it."
- 26 A week later his disciples were in the house again, and Thomas was
with them. Though the doors were locked, Jesus came and stood among
them and said, "Peace be with you!"
- 27 Then he said to Thomas, "Put your finger here; see my hands.
Reach out your hand and put it into my side. Stop doubting and
believe."
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- 28 Thomas said to him, "My Lord and my God!"
- 29 Then Jesus told him, "Because you have seen me, you have
believed; blessed are those who have not seen and yet have
believed."
- 30 Jesus did many other miraculous signs in the presence of his
disciples, which are not recorded in this book.
- 31 But these are written that you may believe that Jesus is the Christ,
the Son of God, and that by believing you may have life in his name.
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- John 21:24-25
- 24 This is the disciple who testifies to these things and who wrote
them down. We know that his testimony is true.
- 25 Jesus did many other things as well. If every one of them were
written down, I suppose that even the whole world would not have room
for the books that would be written.
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- We don’t look for conclusions in Greek documents, but maybe we can find
a telos
- Focus is very clear—John is saying here is my argument (logos) 1:1-19
- Here is my goal (telos) 20:30-31
- He puts it where a Greek reader can’t miss it
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- So what is John’s argument?
- Statement in the telos 20:30 and 31
- Sign 1 – Water into wine 2:1-11
- Sign 2 – Healing the royal official’s son 4:45-54
- Sign 3 – Sabbath healing of the invalid at the pool of Bethesda 5:1-9
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- Sign 4 – Feeding the multitude 6:1-15
- I am the bread of life 6:35
- I am the light of the world 8:12
- Followed by a Socratic argument about witness that takes from
- Rabbinic thought and Greek rationalism
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- Sign 5 – healing of the man blind from birth on the Sabbath 9:1-14
- I am the gate (to salvation) 10:9
- I am the good shepherd (who lays down his life for the sheep) 10:11
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- Sign 6 -- Raising Lazarus from the dead 11:1-45
- I am the resurrection and the life (he who believes in me will live;
even though he dies) 11:25
- I am the way, the truth, and the life (no one comes to the Father
except through me) 14:6
- I am the true vine, and my Father is the gardener 15:1
- I am a king (my kingdom is not of this world) 18:37
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- Sign 7 – The resurrection 20
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- Reason we can have 4 similar histories with great variance in telos
- Greek reasoning the argument and not the concept of the narrative is
critical
- Greek thought would say if the words used were exactly the same, but
the argument were different, the work is completely different
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- Compare to an English work
- Same argument, but different plot
- Ancient Greek would see the same plot but a different argument as an
entirely different work.
- In fact, ancient Greek would see this as high art—similar plots
different arguments
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115
|
|
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116
|
- Telos of Matthew is found in the five discourses – argument is based on
a singular telos
- All five of these arguments depend on one assumption being “true”
- Thesis statement – Why the Messiah
- Setting declaration (assumption) – The Kingdom of Heaven is near
- Participant statement - Who is in the Kingdom of Heaven
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- Value statement – Who is greatest in the Kingdom of Heaven
- Time statement – The coming of the Kingdom of Heaven
- These are only true is Jesus is the Christ, the Messiah
- What is the proof of his divinity? Physical resurrection!
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- Mark builds his argument in a much different fashion than Matthew
- Statements on Christ’s purpose (Purpose of Mark)
- Jesus is the Christ
- What is Jesus’ message: The kingdom of God is near, repent and believe
the good news
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- Proof of his Lordship over each part of the understood world
- Lordship (authority) over evil beings and evil
- Lordship over sickness
- Lordship over cleanliness
- Lordship over sin
- Lord of the Sabbath
- Lord of the Torah
- Lord over nature
- Lord over death
- Lord over the Mishna
- Lord over the Gentiles
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- Socratic dialogue concerning the purpose of Mark
- Statement of his actions (plan) for the world
- The Kingdom of God is near—this is how it is coming
- Actions of the proven Lord over the world
- When is it coming
- How the kingdom will come
- Contents of the kingdom
- Coming of the kingdom
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- How is it coming—through Jesus Christ
- See three times repeated the message about how it is coming—through
Jesus the Christ
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122
|
- Luke straight up historical-legal statement of purpose
- Luke doesn’t tell us who is the focus of his history until this point
- Revealing the nature of Jesus—assumption is given above
- Believer to believer
- Luke’s purpose is not to prove the assertion of Christ, but give
eyewitness data to support assertions and to record dialogues of
Christ
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|
- Luke’s focus is the Jewishness of Jesus compared to Matthew
- What is Jesus asserting?
- Primacy of the Torah
- He claims to be a prophet
- Asserts Messianic promise in his coming—from Isaiah
- Asserts the importance or authority of the OT documents other than the
Torah
- Proclaims his coming for all people—including Gentiles
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|
- Have a short section like Mark where Jesus asserts his authority or
lordship over the aspects of the world
- Nature
- Sin
- Demons
- Sabbath
- Illness
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|
- Claims
- Bridegroom—continues the theme of Messiah (Jewish images)
- New covenant
- Authoritative declarations – “Knowledge of the Kingdom of heaven”
- Proof of the context of the claims
- In the view of Luke--Fulfillment of Torah (Law and Prophets)
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- John
- Focus is very clear—John is saying here is my argument (logos) 1:1-19
- Here is my goal (telos) 20:30-31
- He puts it where a Greek reader can’t miss it
- So what is John’s argument?
- Statement in the telos 20:30 and 31
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- Sign 1 – Water into wine 2:1-11
- Sign 2 – Healing the royal official’s son 4:45-54
- Sign 3 – Sabbath healing of the invalid at the pool of Bethesda 5:1-9
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- Sign 4 – Feeding the multitude 6:1-15
- I am the bread of life 6:35
- I am the light of the world 8:12
- Followed by a Socratic argument about witness that takes from
- Rabbinic thought and Greek rationalism
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|
- Sign 5 – healing of the man blind from birth on the Sabbath 9:1-14
- I am the gate (to salvation) 10:9
- I am the good shepherd (who lays down his life for the sheep) 10:11
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|
- Sign 6 -- Raising Lazarus from the dead 11:1-45
- I am the resurrection and the life (he who believes in me will live;
even though he dies) 11:25
- I am the way, the truth, and the life (no one comes to the Father
except through me) 14:6
- I am the true vine, and my Father is the gardener 15:1
- I am a king (my kingdom is not of this world) 18:37
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131
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- Sign 7 – The resurrection 20
- Statement defined within the context of the logos! – Can John be any
clearer—he is stating that whoever he is writing about is the logos—the
argument, the answer the Jews and the world is looking for
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- Gospels are great history
- 4 Greek historical documents
- Different Logos to Telos
- Different focus
- Advent of modern literature
- Sayings and narratives together
- Advent of modern historical literature
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|
- That’s all for the Gospels
- The Greeks 399BC
- Socrates
- Athens
- A mission into time
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- Matt 22:32
- 32 'I am the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob'?
He is not the God of the dead but of the living."
- Matt 24:5
- 5 For many will come in my name, claiming, 'I am the Christ,' and will
deceive many.
- Matt 28:20
- 20 and teaching them to obey everything I have commanded you. And
surely I am with you always, to the very end of the age.""
- Mark 13:6
- 6 Many will come in my name, claiming, 'I am he,' and will deceive
many.
- Mark 14:62
- 62 "I am," said Jesus. "And you will see the Son of Man
sitting at the right hand of the Mighty One and coming on the clouds of
heaven."
- Luke 1:18
- 18 Zechariah asked the angel, "How can I be sure of this? I am an
old man and my wife is well along in years."
- Luke 1:19
- 19 The angel answered, "I am Gabriel. I stand in the presence of
God, and I have been sent to speak to you and to tell you this good
news.
- Luke 21:8
- 8 He replied: "Watch out that you are not deceived. For many will
come in my name, claiming, 'I am he,' and, 'The time is near.' Do not
follow them.
- Luke 22:27
- 27 For who is greater, the one who is at the table or the one who
serves? Is it not the one who is at the table? But I am among you as
one who serves.
- Luke 22:70-71
- 70 They all asked, "Are you then the Son of God?" He replied,
"You are right in saying I am."
- 71 Then they said, "Why do we need any more testimony? We have
heard it from his own lips."
- John 1:20
- 20 He did not fail to confess, but confessed freely, "I am not the
Christ."
- John 1:27
- 27 He is the one who comes after me, the thongs of whose sandals I am
not worthy to untie."
- John 3:28
- 28 You yourselves can testify that I said, 'I am not the Christ but am
sent ahead of him.'
- John 6:35
- 35 Then Jesus declared, "I am the bread of life. He who comes to
me will never go hungry, and he who believes in me will never be
thirsty.
- John 6:41
- 41 At this the Jews began to grumble about him because he said, "I
am the bread that came down from heaven."
- John 6:48-50
- 48 I am the bread of life.
- 49 Your forefathers ate the manna in the desert, yet they died.
- 50 But here is the bread that comes down from heaven, which a man may
eat and not die.
- John 6:51-52
- 51 I am the living bread that came down from heaven. If anyone eats of
this bread, he will live forever. This bread is my flesh, which I will
give for the life of the world."
- 52 Then the Jews began to argue sharply among themselves, "How can
this man give us his flesh to eat?"
- John 7:34-35
- 34 You will look for me, but you will not find me; and where I am, you
cannot come."
- 35 The Jews said to one another, "Where does this man intend to go
that we cannot find him? Will he go where our people live scattered
among the Greeks, and teach the Greeks?
- John 7:36-53
- 36 What did he mean when he said, 'You will look for me, but you will
not find me,' and 'Where I am, you cannot come'?"
- 37 On the last and greatest day of the Feast, Jesus stood and said in a
loud voice, "If anyone is thirsty, let him come to me and drink.
- 38 Whoever believes in me, as the Scripture has said, streams of living
water will flow from within him."
- 39 By this he meant the Spirit, whom those who believed in him were
later to receive. Up to that time the Spirit had not been given, since
Jesus had not yet been glorified.
- 40 On hearing his words, some of the people said, "Surely this man
is the Prophet."
- 41 Others said, "He is the Christ." Still others asked,
"How can the Christ come from Galilee?
- 42 Does not the Scripture say that the Christ will come from David's
family and from Bethlehem, the town where David lived?"
- 43 Thus the people were divided because of Jesus.
- 44 Some wanted to seize him, but no one laid a hand on him.
- 45 Finally the temple guards went back to the chief priests and
Pharisees, who asked them, "Why didn't you bring him in?"
- 46 "No one ever spoke the way this man does," the guards
declared.
- 47 "You mean he has deceived you also?" the Pharisees
retorted.
- 48 "Has any of the rulers or of the Pharisees believed in him?
- 49 No! But this mob that knows nothing of the law-- there is a curse on
them."
- 50 Nicodemus, who had gone to Jesus earlier and who was one of their
own number, asked,
- 51 "Does our law condemn anyone without first hearing him to find
out what he is doing?"
- 52 They replied, "Are you from Galilee, too? Look into it, and you
will find that a prophet does not come out of Galilee."
- 53 Then each went to his own home.
- John 8:12-13
- 12 When Jesus spoke again to the people, he said, "I am the light
of the world. Whoever follows me will never walk in darkness, but will
have the light of life."
- 13 The Pharisees challenged him, "Here you are, appearing as your
own witness; your testimony is not valid."
- John 8:18-19
- 18 I am one who testifies for myself; my other witness is the Father,
who sent me."
- 19 Then they asked him, "Where is your father?" "You do
not know me or my Father," Jesus replied. "If you knew me,
you would know my Father also."
- John 8:23-28
- 23 But he continued, "You are from below; I am from above. You are
of this world; I am not of this world.
- 24 I told you that you would die in your sins; if you do not believe
that I am [the one I claim to be], you will indeed die in your
sins."
- 25 "Who are you?" they asked. "Just what I have been
claiming all along," Jesus replied.
- 26 "I have much to say in judgment of you. But he who sent me is
reliable, and what I have heard from him I tell the world."
- 27 They did not understand that he was telling them about his Father.
- 28 So Jesus said, "When you have lifted up the Son of Man, then
you will know that I am [the one I claim to be] and that I do nothing
on my own but speak just what the Father has taught me.
- John 8:58-59
- 58 "I tell you the truth," Jesus answered, "before
Abraham was born, I am!"
- 59 At this, they picked up stones to stone him, but Jesus hid himself,
slipping away from the temple grounds.
- John 9:9-10
- 9 Some claimed that he was. Others said, "No, he only looks like
him." But he himself insisted, "I am the man."
- 10 "How then were your eyes opened?" they demanded.
- John 10:7-19
- 7 Therefore Jesus said again, "I tell you the truth, I am the gate
for the sheep.
- 8 All who ever came before me were thieves and robbers, but the sheep
did not listen to them.
- 9 I am the gate; whoever enters through me will be saved. He will come
in and go out, and find pasture.
- 10 The thief comes only to steal and kill and destroy; I have come that
they may have life, and have it to the full.
- 11 "I am the good shepherd. The good shepherd lays down his life
for the sheep.
- 12 The hired hand is not the shepherd who owns the sheep. So when he
sees the wolf coming, he abandons the sheep and runs away. Then the
wolf attacks the flock and scatters it.
- 13 The man runs away because he is a hired hand and cares nothing for
the sheep.
- 14 "I am the good shepherd; I know my sheep and my sheep know me--
- 15 just as the Father knows me and I know the Father-- and I lay down
my life for the sheep.
- 16 I have other sheep that are not of this sheep pen. I must bring them
also. They too will listen to my voice, and there shall be one flock
and one shepherd.
- 17 The reason my Father loves me is that I lay down my life-- only to
take it up again.
- 18 No one takes it from me, but I lay it down of my own accord. I have
authority to lay it down and authority to take it up again. This
command I received from my Father."
- 19 At these words the Jews were again divided.
- John 11:25-27
- 25 Jesus said to her, "I am the resurrection and the life. He who
believes in me will live, even though he dies;
- 26 and whoever lives and believes in me will never die. Do you believe
this?"
- 27 "Yes, Lord," she told him, "I believe that you are
the Christ, the Son of God, who was to come into the world."
- John 12:26-28
- 26 Whoever serves me must follow me; and where I am, my servant also
will be. My Father will honor the one who serves me.
- 27 "Now my heart is troubled, and what shall I say? 'Father, save
me from this hour'? No, it was for this very reason I came to this
hour.
- 28 Father, glorify your name!" Then a voice came from heaven,
"I have glorified it, and will glorify it again."
- John 13:19-20
- 19 "I am telling you now before it happens, so that when it does
happen you will believe that I am He.
- 20 I tell you the truth, whoever accepts anyone I send accepts me; and
whoever accepts me accepts the one who sent me."
- John 14:3-12
- 3 And if I go and prepare a place for you, I will come back and take
you to be with me that you also may be where I am.
- 4 You know the way to the place where I am going."
- 5 Thomas said to him, "Lord, we don't know where you are going, so
how can we know the way?"
- 6 Jesus answered, "I am the way and the truth and the life. No one
comes to the Father except through me.
- 7 If you really knew me, you would know my Father as well. From now on,
you do know him and have seen him."
- 8 Philip said, "Lord, show us the Father and that will be enough
for us."
- 9 Jesus answered: "Don't you know me, Philip, even after I have
been among you such a long time? Anyone who has seen me has seen the
Father. How can you say, 'Show us the Father'?
- 10 Don't you believe that I am in the Father, and that the Father is in
me? The words I say to you are not just my own. Rather, it is the
Father, living in me, who is doing his work.
- 11 Believe me when I say that I am in the Father and the Father is in
me; or at least believe on the evidence of the miracles themselves.
- 12 I tell you the truth, anyone who has faith in me will do what I have
been doing. He will do even greater things than these, because I am
going to the Father.
- John 15:1-6
- 1 "I am the true vine, and my Father is the gardener.
- 2 He cuts off every branch in me that bears no fruit, while every
branch that does bear fruit he prunes so that it will be even more
fruitful.
- 3 You are already clean because of the word I have spoken to you.
- 4 Remain in me, and I will remain in you. No branch can bear fruit by
itself; it must remain in the vine. Neither can you bear fruit unless
you remain in me.
- 5 "I am the vine; you are the branches. If a man remains in me and
I in him, he will bear much fruit; apart from me you can do nothing.
- 6 If anyone does not remain in me, he is like a branch that is thrown
away and withers; such branches are picked up, thrown into the fire and
burned.
- John 17:14-19
- 14 I have given them your word and the world has hated them, for they
are not of the world any more than I am of the world.
- 15 My prayer is not that you take them out of the world but that you
protect them from the evil one.
- 16 They are not of the world, even as I am not of it.
- 17 Sanctify them by the truth; your word is truth.
- 18 As you sent me into the world, I have sent them into the world.
- 19 For them I sanctify myself, that they too may be truly sanctified.
- John 17:24-26
- 24 "Father, I want those you have given me to be with me where I
am, and to see my glory, the glory you have given me because you loved
me before the creation of the world.
- 25 "Righteous Father, though the world does not know you, I know
you, and they know that you have sent me.
- 26 I have made you known to them, and will continue to make you known
in order that the love you have for me may be in them and that I myself
may be in them."
- John 18:5-8
- 5 "Jesus of Nazareth," they replied. "I am he,"
Jesus said. (And Judas the traitor was standing there with them.)
- 6 When Jesus said, "I am he," they drew back and fell to the
ground.
- 7 Again he asked them, "Who is it you want?" And they said,
"Jesus of Nazareth."
- 8 "I told you that I am he," Jesus answered. "If you are
looking for me, then let these men go."
- John 18:37-39
- 37 "You are a king, then!" said Pilate. Jesus answered,
"You are right in saying I am a king. In fact, for this reason I
was born, and for this I came into the world, to testify to the truth.
Everyone on the side of truth listens to me."
- 38 "What is truth?" Pilate asked. With this he went out again
to the Jews and said, "I find no basis for a charge against him.
- 39 But it is your custom for me to release to you one prisoner at the
time of the Passover. Do you want me to release 'the king of the
Jews'?"
- Acts 9:5-6
- 5 "Who are you, Lord?" Saul asked. "I am Jesus, whom you
are persecuting," he replied.
- 6 "Now get up and go into the city, and you will be told what you
must do."
- Rev 22:16
- 16 "I, Jesus, have sent my angel to give you this testimony for
the churches. I am the Root and the Offspring of David, and the bright
Morning Star."
- Rev 21:6-7
- 6 He said to me: "It is done. I am the Alpha and the Omega, the
Beginning and the End. To him who is thirsty I will give to drink
without cost from the spring of the water of life.
- 7 He who overcomes will inherit all this, and I will be his God and he
will be my son.
- Rev 1:8
- 8 "I am the Alpha and the Omega," says the Lord God,
"who is, and who was, and who is to come, the Almighty."
- Rev 1:17
- 17 When I saw him, I fell at his feet as though dead. Then he placed
his right hand on me and said: "Do not be afraid. I am the First
and the Last.
- I am info from the NT
- John incident in the Temple
- Questions
- Next time
- That’s all for the Gospels
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Notes