1	History of the Gospels: Tellos of Mark L. D. Alford www.lionelalford.com www.ldalford.com
2	Focus of Class Gospels as Greek Literature Literary context Basis for all modern literature Gospels as Histories Historical context Cultural context Basis of Western Civilization NT in terms of history and literature
3	Outline 1. Introduction to ancient cultures 2. Historical prelude 3. Historical veracity of the Gospels 4. Literature of the Gospels 5. Tellos of Matthew 6. Tellos of Mark 7. Tellos of Luke 8. Tellos of John & Tellic comparison
4	Summary 5. Tellos of Mark Greek literature Sayings Narratives Argument to a Tellos
5	New Testament Documents New Testament 27 separate historical works Historical documents—Historical documents written in Greek Language is critical
6	Greek Language καρδία kardia - the heart, feelings πεπωρωμένη poroo - to petrify, indurate άγιος hagios - an awful thing, sacred δαιμόνιον daimonion - a daemonic being άκαθάρτω akathartos – impure πνεύματι pneuma - a current of air
7	Greek Words καρδία kardia (kar-dee'-ah); prolonged from a primary kar (Latin, cor, "heart"); the heart, i.e. (figuratively) the thoughts or feelings (mind); also (by analogy) the middle: KJV-- (+broken-) heart (-ed).
8	Greek Words πεπωρωμένη poroo (po-ro'-o); apparently from poros (a kind of stone); to petrify, i.e. (figuratively) to indurate (render stupid or callous): KJV-- blind, harden.
9	Greek Words άγιος hagios (hag'-ee-os); from hagos (an awful thing) [compare 53, 2282]; sacred (physically, pure, morally blameless or religious, ceremonially, consecrated): KJV-- (most) holy (one, thing), saint.
10	Greek Words δαιμόνιον daimonion (dahee-mon'-ee-on); neuter of a derivative of daimon; a daemonic being; by extension a deity: KJV-- devil, god. daimon (dah'-ee-mown); from daio (to distribute fortunes); a daemon or supernatural spirit (of a bad nature): KJV-- devil.
11	Greek Words άκαθάρτω akathartos (ak-ath'-ar-tos); from a (as a negative particle) and a presumed derivative of kathairo (meaning cleansed); impure (ceremonially, morally [lewd] or specially, [demonic]): KJV-- foul, unclean.
12	Greek Words a (al'-fah); of Hebrew origin; the first letter of the alphabet; figuratively, only (from its use as a numeral) the first: KJV-- Alpha. Often used (usually an, before a vowel) also in composition in the sense of privation; so, in many words, beginning with this letter; occasionally in the sense of union. kathairo (kath-ah'-ee-ro); to cleanse, i.e. (specially) to prune; figuratively, to expiate: KJV-- purge.
13	Greek Words πνεύματι pneuma (pnyoo'-mah); from pneo; a current of air, i.e. breath (blast) or a breeze; by analogy or figuratively, a spirit, i.e. (human) the rational soul, (by implication) vital principle, mental disposition, etc., or (superhuman) an angel, demon, or (divine) God, Christ's spirit, the Holy Spirit: KJV-- ghost, life, spirit (-ual, -ually), mind.
14	Mark Chapter 3, 4, 10,11,12, 13, 14, 16 Based on the historicity could conclude tellos is record of history Greek literature (dialogues) not based in this model Narratives close, but could argue Greek historians used similar organization Literature in other cultures organized differently than English Gospels not organized way we would expect good writing in English
15	Mark Mark is not organized around dialogues – organized around sayings Focus of Mark is the sayings Study of Mark must focus first on the sayings and then on the narrative framework of them We don’t have time to do this, we can only look at the says and a small part of these
16	Mark Who is Mark Jewish John Mark Disciple of Peter – preaching of Peter Paul and Barnabas’ companion Young man who ran naked from the Mount of Olives Literate
17	Mark Look at the sayings
18	First Narrative Mark 1:1-45 <Statement of purpose>1 The beginning of the gospel about Jesus Christ, the Son of God. <Quotation: proof>2 It is written in Isaiah the prophet: "I will send my messenger ahead of you, who will prepare your way"-- 3 "a voice of one calling in the desert, 'Prepare the way for the Lord, make straight paths for him.'"
19	First Narrative <Narrative: explanation> 4 And so John came, baptizing in the desert region and preaching a baptism of repentance for the forgiveness of sins. 5 The whole Judean countryside and all the people of Jerusalem went out to him. Confessing their sins, they were baptized by him in the Jordan River.
20	First Narrative <Narrative: explanation> 6 John wore clothing made of camel's hair, with a leather belt around his waist, and he ate locusts and wild honey. 7 And this was his message: "After me will come one more powerful than I, the thongs of whose sandals I am not worthy to stoop down and untie. 8 I baptize you with water, but he will baptize you with the Holy Spirit."
21	First Narrative <Narrative: explanation> 9 At that time Jesus came from Nazareth in Galilee and was baptized by John in the Jordan. 10 As Jesus was coming up out of the water, he saw heaven being torn open and the Spirit descending on him like a dove. 11 And a voice came from heaven: "You are my Son, whom I love; with you I am well pleased."
22	First Narrative <Narrative: explanation> 12 At once the Spirit sent him out into the desert, 13 and he was in the desert forty days, being tempted by Satan. He was with the wild animals, and angels attended him. 14 After John was put in prison, Jesus went into Galilee, proclaiming the good news of God.
23	First Saying <First statement from Christ> 15 "The time has come," he said. "The kingdom of God is near. Repent and believe the good news!" <What is Jesus’ message: The kingdom of God is near, repent and believe the good news.>
24	Second Saying <Second statement from Christ> 16 As Jesus walked beside the Sea of Galilee, he saw Simon and his brother Andrew casting a net into the lake, for they were fishermen. 17 "Come, follow me," Jesus said, "and I will make you fishers of men." 18 At once they left their nets and followed him.
25	Narrative Context <Second statement from Christ> 19 When he had gone a little farther, he saw James son of Zebedee and his brother John in a boat, preparing their nets. 20 Without delay he called them, and they left their father Zebedee in the boat with the hired men and followed him.
26	Proof Text Logos First thing after the statement of purpose, author begins clean proof text development of the argument 21 They went to Capernaum, and when the Sabbath came, Jesus went into the synagogue and began to teach. 22 The people were amazed at his teaching, because he taught them as one who had authority, not as the teachers of the law. 23 Just then a man in their synagogue who was possessed by an evil spirit cried out,
27	Beginning Proof Text 24 "What do you want with us, Jesus of Nazareth? Have you come to destroy us? I know who you are-- the Holy One of God!" 25 "Be quiet!" said Jesus sternly. "Come out of him!" 26 The evil spirit shook the man violently and came out of him with a shriek. 27 The people were all so amazed that they asked each other, "What is this? A new teaching-- and with authority! He even gives orders to evil spirits and they obey him."
28	First Proof <Lordship (authority) over evil beings and evil> Next proof
29	Second Proof 28 News about him spread quickly over the whole region of Galilee. 29 As soon as they left the synagogue, they went with James and John to the home of Simon and Andrew. 30 Simon's mother-in-law was in bed with a fever, and they told Jesus about her. 31 So he went to her, took her hand and helped her up. The fever left her and she began to wait on them. <Lordship over sickness>
30	Narrative 32 That evening after sunset the people brought to Jesus all the sick and demon-possessed. 33 The whole town gathered at the door, 34 and Jesus healed many who had various diseases. He also drove out many demons, but he would not let the demons speak because they knew who he was. 35 Very early in the morning, while it was still dark, Jesus got up, left the house and went off to a solitary place, where he prayed. 36 Simon and his companions went to look for him,
31	Narrative 37 and when they found him, they exclaimed: "Everyone is looking for you!" 38 Jesus replied, "Let us go somewhere else-- to the nearby villages-- so I can preach there also. That is why I have come." 39 So he traveled throughout Galilee, preaching in their synagogues and driving out demons. <Reiteration of the point—what is the message>
32	Third Proof 40 A man with leprosy came to him and begged him on his knees, "If you are willing, you can make me clean." 41 Filled with compassion, Jesus reached out his hand and touched the man. "I am willing," he said. "Be clean!" 42 Immediately the leprosy left him and he was cured. <Lordship over cleanliness>
33	Narrative 43 Jesus sent him away at once with a strong warning: 44 "See that you don't tell this to anyone. But go, show yourself to the priest and offer the sacrifices that Moses commanded for your cleansing, as a testimony to them." 45 Instead he went out and began to talk freely, spreading the news. As a result, Jesus could no longer enter a town openly but stayed outside in lonely places. Yet the people still came to him from everywhere.
34	Fourth Proof Mark 2:4-12 4 Since they could not get him to Jesus because of the crowd, they made an opening in the roof above Jesus and, after digging through it, lowered the mat the paralyzed man was lying on. 5 When Jesus saw their faith, he said to the paralytic, "Son, your sins are forgiven." 6 Now some teachers of the law were sitting there, thinking to themselves, 7 "Why does this fellow talk like that? He's blaspheming! Who can forgive sins but God alone?"
35	Fourth Proof 8 Immediately Jesus knew in his spirit that this was what they were thinking in their hearts, and he said to them, "Why are you thinking these things? 9 Which is easier: to say to the paralytic, 'Your sins are forgiven,' or to say, 'Get up, take your mat and walk'? 10 But that you may know that the Son of Man has authority on earth to forgive sins...." He said to the paralytic, 11 "I tell you, get up, take your mat and go home."
36	Fourth Proof 12 He got up, took his mat and walked out in full view of them all. This amazed everyone and they praised God, saying, "We have never seen anything like this!" <Lordship over sin>
37	Narrative Mark 2:16-20 16 When the teachers of the law who were Pharisees saw him eating with the "sinners" and tax collectors, they asked his disciples: "Why does he eat with tax collectors and 'sinners'?" 17 On hearing this, Jesus said to them, "It is not the healthy who need a doctor, but the sick. I have not come to call the righteous, but sinners." <Who did he come for>
38	Fifth Proof Mark 2:23-28 23 One Sabbath Jesus was going through the grainfields, and as his disciples walked along, they began to pick some heads of grain. 24 The Pharisees said to him, "Look, why are they doing what is unlawful on the Sabbath?" 25 He answered, "Have you never read what David did when he and his companions were hungry and in need?
39	Fifth Proof 26 In the days of Abiathar the high priest, he entered the house of God and ate the consecrated bread, which is lawful only for priests to eat. And he also gave some to his companions." 27 Then he said to them, "The Sabbath was made for man, not man for the Sabbath. 28 So the Son of Man is Lord even of the Sabbath." <Lord of the Sabbath>
40	Sixth Proof Mark 3:1-5 1 Another time he went into the synagogue, and a man with a shriveled hand was there. 2 Some of them were looking for a reason to accuse Jesus, so they watched him closely to see if he would heal him on the Sabbath. 3 Jesus said to the man with the shriveled hand, "Stand up in front of everyone."
41	Sixth Proof 4 Then Jesus asked them, "Which is lawful on the Sabbath: to do good or to do evil, to save life or to kill?" But they remained silent. 5 He looked around at them in anger and, deeply distressed at their stubborn hearts, said to the man, "Stretch out your hand." He stretched it out, and his hand was completely restored. <Lord of Torah – power over the ailments of mankind (evils)>
42	Greek Rationalism One of the key themes in Mark is the concept that the disciples didn’t understand what Jesus was talking about Focus this into our understanding of Greek rationalism and the Hebrew culture of the time
43	Greek Rationalism Mark 4:9-13 9 Then Jesus said, "He who has ears to hear, let him hear." 10 When he was alone, the Twelve and the others around him asked him about the parables. 11 He told them, "The secret of the kingdom of God has been given to you. But to those on the outside everything is said in parables
44	Greek Rationalism 12 so that, "'they may be ever seeing but never perceiving, and ever hearing but never understanding; otherwise they might turn and be forgiven!'" 13 Then Jesus said to them, "Don't you understand this parable? How then will you understand any parable? <Lack of understanding is based on worldview; first example of disciples lack of understanding>
45	Greek Rationalism Mark 4:22-25 22 For whatever is hidden is meant to be disclosed, and whatever is concealed is meant to be brought out into the open. 23 If anyone has ears to hear, let him hear." 24 "Consider carefully what you hear," he continued. "With the measure you use, it will be measured to you-- and even more. 25 Whoever has will be given more; whoever does not have, even what he has will be taken from him." <Purpose of the parables (parabolas) to reveal truth>
46	Greek Rationalism Mark 4:33-34 33 With many similar parables Jesus spoke the word to them, as much as they could understand. 34 He did not say anything to them without using a parable. But when he was alone with his own disciples, he explained everything. Mark 4:37-41 37 A furious squall came up, and the waves broke over the boat, so that it was nearly swamped.
47	Seventh Proof 38 Jesus was in the stern, sleeping on a cushion. The disciples woke him and said to him, "Teacher, don't you care if we drown?" 39 He got up, rebuked the wind and said to the waves, "Quiet! Be still!" Then the wind died down and it was completely calm. 40 He said to his disciples, "Why are you so afraid? Do you still have no faith?" 41 They were terrified and asked each other, "Who is this? Even the wind and the waves obey him!" <Lord over nature>
48	Languge of Jesus Mark 5:39-43 39 He went in and said to them, "Why all this commotion and wailing? The child is not dead but asleep." 40 But they laughed at him. After he put them all out, he took the child's father and mother and the disciples who were with him, and went in where the child was. 41 He took her by the hand and said to her, "Talitha koum!" (which means, "Little girl, I say to you, get up!"). <Proof of Greek as original language of Mark>
49	Eighth Proof 42 Immediately the girl stood up and walked around (she was twelve years old). At this they were completely astonished. 43 He gave strict orders not to let anyone know about this, and told them to give her something to eat. <Lord over death>
50	Eighth Proof Jesus was keenly aware of the culture—he has them give ht girl something to eat to prove she is not a ghost (ghosts in popular Jewish thought cannot eat) this the same reason Jesus ate with the two disciples from the road to Emais to prove he was not a ghost and with the disciples on the shore in John
51	Greek Rationalism Mark 6:49-52 49 but when they saw him walking on the lake, they thought he was a ghost. They cried out, 50 because they all saw him and were terrified. Immediately he spoke to them and said, "Take courage! It is I. Don't be afraid."
52	Greek Rationalism 51 Then he climbed into the boat with them, and the wind died down. They were completely amazed, 52 for they had not understood about the loaves; their hearts were hardened. <Their hearts were hardened; they did not understand/attribute/consider him Lord over nature—make food> What is the disciple’s problem—can’t they understand the clear speech of Jesus?
53	Ninth Proof Mark 7:6-9 6 He replied, "Isaiah was right when he prophesied about you hypocrites; as it is written: "'These people honor me with their lips, but their hearts are far from me. 7 They worship me in vain; their teachings are but rules taught by men.' 8 You have let go of the commands of God and are holding on to the traditions of men."
54	Ninth Proof 9 And he said to them: "You have a fine way of setting aside the commands of God in order to observe your own traditions! <Lord over the Torah and Mishna>
55	Greek Rationalism Mark 7:14-19 14 Again Jesus called the crowd to him and said, "Listen to me, everyone, and understand this. 15 Nothing outside a man can make him 'unclean' by going into him. Rather, it is what comes out of a man that makes him 'unclean.'" 17 After he had left the crowd and entered the house, his disciples asked him about this parable.
56	Greek Rationalism 18 "Are you so dull?" he asked. "Don't you see that nothing that enters a man from the outside can make him 'unclean'? 19 For it doesn't go into his heart but into his stomach, and then out of his body." (In saying this, Jesus declared all foods "clean.") <Disciples’ lack of reasoning>
57	Tenth Proof Mark 7:26-29 26 The woman was a Greek, born in Syrian Phoenicia. She begged Jesus to drive the demon out of her daughter. 27 "First let the children eat all they want," he told her, "for it is not right to take the children's bread and toss it to their dogs."
58	Tenth Proof 28 "Yes, Lord," she replied, "but even the dogs under the table eat the children's crumbs." 29 Then he told her, "For such a reply, you may go; the demon has left your daughter." <Lord over the Gentiles—not to mention over the deamons>
59	Greek Rationalism Mark 8:14-21 14 The disciples had forgotten to bring bread, except for one loaf they had with them in the boat. 15 "Be careful," Jesus warned them. "Watch out for the yeast of the Pharisees and that of Herod." 16 They discussed this with one another and said, "It is because we have no bread." 17 Aware of their discussion, Jesus asked them: "Why are you talking about having no bread? Do you still not see or understand? Are your hearts hardened?
60	Greek Rationalism 18 Do you have eyes but fail to see, and ears but fail to hear? And don't you remember? 19 When I broke the five loaves for the five thousand, how many basketfuls of pieces did you pick up?" "Twelve," they replied. 20 "And when I broke the seven loaves for the four thousand, how many basketfuls of pieces did you pick up?" They answered, "Seven." 21 He said to them, "Do you still not understand?" <Lack of rational understanding in the disciples—they understand the world differently>
61	Greek Rationalism Look back at chapter 1- Jesus did not teach like the Rabbis using derash—he taught with authority using direct rational statements-peshat 1:27 The people were all so amazed that they asked each other, "What is this? A new teaching-- and with authority! He even gives orders to evil spirits and they obey him."
62	Development of Purpose After these statements of proof are complete (about ½ the book), Mark moves to the next stage of the argument First he goes back to the beginning purpose and restates the purpose statement Statement takes a different form Typical Greek Socratic form –question then answer
63	Identity Mark 8:27-38 <Pronouncement of identity> 27 Jesus and his disciples went on to the villages around Caesarea Philippi. On the way he asked them, "Who do people say I am?" 28 They replied, "Some say John the Baptist; others say Elijah; and still others, one of the prophets." 29 "But what about you?" he asked. "Who do you say I am?" Peter answered, "You are the Christ."
64	Identity 30 Jesus warned them not to tell anyone about him. 31 He then began to teach them that the Son of Man must suffer many things and be rejected by the elders, chief priests and teachers of the law, and that he must be killed and after three days rise again. <Argument is set up—revelation of God’s plan through Christ>
65	The Plan (Reason) 32 He spoke plainly about this, and Peter took him aside and began to rebuke him. 33 But when Jesus turned and looked at his disciples, he rebuked Peter. "Get behind me, Satan!" he said. "You do not have in mind the things of God, but the things of men." 34 Then he called the crowd to him along with his disciples and said: "If anyone would come after me, he must deny himself and take up his cross and follow me. 35 For whoever wants to save his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life for me and for the gospel will save it.
66	The Plan (Reason) 36 What good is it for a man to gain the whole world, yet forfeit his soul? 37 Or what can a man give in exchange for his soul? 38 If anyone is ashamed of me and my words in this adulterous and sinful generation, the Son of Man will be ashamed of him when he comes in his Father's glory with the holy angels." <Meaning of the plan>
67	Thesis Development Statement of purpose Jesus Christ is God’s son The Kingdom of God is near--repent Proof context of Christ’s authority Statement of purpose Jesus is the Christ-the Messiah Proof context of the plan The Kingdom of God is near—this is how it is coming
68	When Mark 9:1 1 And he said to them, "I tell you the truth, some who are standing here will not taste death before they see the kingdom of God come with power." <Statement of when the plan will occur>
69	When Proof context of the plan - The Kingdom of God is near this is how it is coming When is it coming?
70	Greek Rationalism Mark 9:9-10 9 As they were coming down the mountain, Jesus gave them orders not to tell anyone what they had seen until the Son of Man had risen from the dead. 10 They kept the matter to themselves, discussing what "rising from the dead" meant. <They are looking for a Derash meaning (Pagan worldview) in a peshat statement>
71	Greek Rationalism Mark 9:18-19 18 Whenever it seizes him, it throws him to the ground. He foams at the mouth, gnashes his teeth and becomes rigid. I asked your disciples to drive out the spirit, but they could not." 19 "O unbelieving generation," Jesus replied, "how long shall I stay with you? How long shall I put up with you? Bring the boy to me." <Disciples must put into practice Christ’s worldview>
72	Greek Rationalism Mark 9:23-29 23 "'If you can'?" said Jesus. "Everything is possible for him who believes." 24 Immediately the boy's father exclaimed, "I do believe; help me overcome my unbelief!" 25 When Jesus saw that a crowd was running to the scene, he rebuked the evil spirit. "You deaf and mute spirit," he said, "I command you, come out of him and never enter him again."
73	Greek Rationalism 26 The spirit shrieked, convulsed him violently and came out. The boy looked so much like a corpse that many said, "He's dead." 27 But Jesus took him by the hand and lifted him to his feet, and he stood up. 28 After Jesus had gone indoors, his disciples asked him privately, "Why couldn't we drive it out?" 29 He replied, "This kind can come out only by prayer." <Power of Christ and the lack of power of the disciples>
74	Greek Rationalism Mark 9:30-32 30 They left that place and passed through Galilee. Jesus did not want anyone to know where they were, 31 because he was teaching his disciples. He said to them, "The Son of Man is going to be betrayed into the hands of men. They will kill him, and after three days he will rise." 32 But they did not understand what he meant and were afraid to ask him about it. <Can’t understand his plain speaking—peshat sense>
75	Greatest and Least in Kingdom Mark 9:33-50 33 They came to Capernaum. When he was in the house, he asked them, "What were you arguing about on the road?" 34 But they kept quiet because on the way they had argued about who was the greatest. 35 Sitting down, Jesus called the Twelve and said, "If anyone wants to be first, he must be the very last, and the servant of all."
76	Greatest and Least in Kingdom 36 He took a little child and had him stand among them. Taking him in his arms, he said to them, 37 "Whoever welcomes one of these little children in my name welcomes me; and whoever welcomes me does not welcome me but the one who sent me." 38 "Teacher," said John, "we saw a man driving out demons in your name and we told him to stop, because he was not one of us." 39 "Do not stop him," Jesus said. "No one who does a miracle in my name can in the next moment say anything bad about me,
77	Greatest and Least in Kingdom 40 for whoever is not against us is for us. 41 I tell you the truth, anyone who gives you a cup of water in my name because you belong to Christ will certainly not lose his reward. 42 "And if anyone causes one of these little ones who believe in me to sin, it would be better for him to be thrown into the sea with a large millstone tied around his neck. 43 If your hand causes you to sin, cut it off. It is better for you to enter life maimed than with two hands to go into hell, where the fire never goes out.
78	Greatest and Least in Kingdom 47 And if your eye causes you to sin, pluck it out. It is better for you to enter the kingdom of God with one eye than to have two eyes and be thrown into hell, 48 where "'their worm does not die, and the fire is not quenched.' 49 Everyone will be salted with fire. 50 "Salt is good, but if it loses its saltiness, how can you make it salty again? Have salt in yourselves, and be at peace with each other." <Who is greatest and who is in the kingdom>
79	Thesis Context Proof context of the plan - The Kingdom of God is near this is how it is coming When is it coming Who is greatest in it Who is in it
80	Who Mark 10:13-15 13 People were bringing little children to Jesus to have him touch them, but the disciples rebuked them. 14 When Jesus saw this, he was indignant. He said to them, "Let the little children come to me, and do not hinder them, for the kingdom of God belongs to such as these. 15 I tell you the truth, anyone who will not receive the kingdom of God like a little child will never enter it." <Who is in the kingdom>
81	Proof Context Proof context of the plan - The Kingdom of God is near this is how it is coming When is it coming Who is greatest in it Who is in it
82	Who Mark 10:21-27 21 Jesus looked at him and loved him. "One thing you lack," he said. "Go, sell everything you have and give to the poor, and you will have treasure in heaven. Then come, follow me." 22 At this the man's face fell. He went away sad, because he had great wealth. 23 Jesus looked around and said to his disciples, "How hard it is for the rich to enter the kingdom of God!"
83	Who 24 The disciples were amazed at his words. But Jesus said again, "Children, how hard it is to enter the kingdom of God! 25 It is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich man to enter the kingdom of God." 26 The disciples were even more amazed, and said to each other, "Who then can be saved?" 27 Jesus looked at them and said, "With man this is impossible, but not with God; all things are possible with God." <Who is in the kingdom>
84	Greatest Mark 10:42-45 42 Jesus called them together and said, "You know that those who are regarded as rulers of the Gentiles lord it over them, and their high officials exercise authority over them. 43 Not so with you. Instead, whoever wants to become great among you must be your servant, 44 and whoever wants to be first must be slave of all.
85	Greatest 45 For even the Son of Man did not come to be served, but to serve, and to give his life as a ransom for many." <Who is greatest in the kingdom—statement of purpose of Christ>
86	Greek Rationalism Mark 11:28-33 28 "By what authority are you doing these things?" they asked. "And who gave you authority to do this?" 29 Jesus replied, "I will ask you one question. Answer me, and I will tell you by what authority I am doing these things. 30 John's baptism-- was it from heaven, or from men? Tell me!“ 31 They discussed it among themselves and said, "If we say, 'From heaven,' he will ask, 'Then why didn't you believe him?'
87	Greek Rationalism 32 But if we say, 'From men'...." (They feared the people, for everyone held that John really was a prophet.) 33 So they answered Jesus, "We don't know." Jesus said, "Neither will I tell you by what authority I am doing these things." <Pure Greek rationalism—the questioners will not answer based on rationalism, but on how the answer will affect them>
88	When Mark 13:26-37 26 "At that time men will see the Son of Man coming in clouds with great power and glory. 27 And he will send his angels and gather his elect from the four winds, from the ends of the earth to the ends of the heavens. 28 "Now learn this lesson from the fig tree: As soon as its twigs get tender and its leaves come out, you know that summer is near. 29 Even so, when you see these things happening, you know that it is near, right at the door.
89	When 30 I tell you the truth, this generation will certainly not pass away until all these things have happened. 31 Heaven and earth will pass away, but my words will never pass away. 32 "No one knows about that day or hour, not even the angels in heaven, nor the Son, but only the Father. 33 Be on guard! Be alert! You do not know when that time will come.
90	When 34 It's like a man going away: He leaves his house and puts his servants in charge, each with his assigned task, and tells the one at the door to keep watch. 35 "Therefore keep watch because you do not know when the owner of the house will come back-- whether in the evening, or at midnight, or when the rooster crows, or at dawn. 36 If he comes suddenly, do not let him find you sleeping. 37 What I say to you, I say to everyone: 'Watch!'"
91	Greek Rationalism Mark 14:19-21 19 They were saddened, and one by one they said to him, "Surely not I?" 20 "It is one of the Twelve," he replied, "one who dips bread into the bowl with me. 21 The Son of Man will go just as it is written about him. But woe to that man who betrays the Son of Man! It would be better for him if he had not been born." <No clue—they cannot reason in the sense that we can>
92	Statement of Godhood Mark 14:55-64 55 The chief priests and the whole Sanhedrin were looking for evidence against Jesus so that they could put him to death, but they did not find any. 56 Many testified falsely against him, but their statements did not agree. 57 Then some stood up and gave this false testimony against him: 58 "We heard him say, 'I will destroy this man-made temple and in three days will build another, not made by man.'"
93	Statement of Godhood 59 Yet even then their testimony did not agree. 60 Then the high priest stood up before them and asked Jesus, "Are you not going to answer? What is this testimony that these men are bringing against you?" 61 But Jesus remained silent and gave no answer. Again the high priest asked him, "Are you the Christ, the Son of the Blessed One?"
94	Statement of Godhood 62 "I am," said Jesus. "And you will see the Son of Man sitting at the right hand of the Mighty One and coming on the clouds of heaven." 63 The high priest tore his clothes. "Why do we need any more witnesses?" he asked. 64 "You have heard the blasphemy. What do you think?" They all condemned him as worthy of death.
95	Proof Context Proof context of the plan - The Kingdom of God is near this is how it is coming When is it coming Who is greatest in it Who is in it How is it coming—through Jesus Christ See three times repeated the message about how it is coming—through Jesus the Christ
96	Proof Text Mark 14:65 65 Then some began to spit at him; they blindfolded him, struck him with their fists, and said, "Prophesy!" And the guards took him and beat him. Mark 16:11-15 11 When they heard that Jesus was alive and that she had seen him, they did not believe it. 12 Afterward Jesus appeared in a different form to two of them while they were walking in the country.
97	Proof Text 13 These returned and reported it to the rest; but they did not believe them either. 14 Later Jesus appeared to the Eleven as they were eating; he rebuked them for their lack of faith and their stubborn refusal to believe those who had seen him after he had risen. 15 He said to them, "Go into all the world and preach the good news to all creation.
98	Summary Mark builds his argument in a much different fashion than Matthew Statements on Christ’s purpose Jesus is the Christ What is Jesus’ message: The kingdom of God is near, repent and believe the good news
99	Conclusion Proof of his Lordship over each part of the understood world Lordship (authority) over evil beings and evil Lordship over sickness Lordship over cleanliness Lordship over sin Lord of the Sabbath Lord of the Torah Lord over nature Lord over death Lord over the Mishna Lord over the Gentiles
100	Conclusion Statement of his actions (plan) for the world The Kingdom of God is near—this is how it is coming Actions of the proven Lord over the world When is it coming How the kingdom will come Contents of the kingdom Coming of the kingdom How is it coming—through Jesus Christ See three times repeated the message about how it is coming—through Jesus the Christ.
101	Conclusion Mark Is a proof statement Statements on Christ’s purpose Assumptions Proof of his Lordship over each part of the understood world Statement of his actions (plan) for the world How is it coming—through Jesus Christ Proven at each point by appeal to witness
102	Next Time Tellos of Luke